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Physical Review Letters

Hyperfine Quantum Beats Observed in Cs Vapor under Pulsed Dye Laser Excitation

S. Haroche, Jeffrey A. Paisner, ARTHUR L. SCHAWLOW

Published May 14, 1973• 190 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report observation of hyperfine quantum beats in the light emitted by the $7{^{2}P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ level of ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}$ after excitation by a short resonant dye laser pulse. Frequency analysis of the beats provides a measurement of the hyperfine splittings in agreement with previous work. The usefulness of quantum-beat detection as a new method of laser spectroscopy without complications from the Doppler effect is discussed.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.30.948

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Pressure shifts of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3(2)S((1/2)) that are due to buffer gases have been measured for the first time to our knowledge by all-optical means using the method of synchronized-quantum-beat spectroscopy reported previously [Y. Fukuda et al., Opt. Commun. 38, 357 (1981)]. The substate coherence is excited and detected with amplitude-modulated mode-locked laser pulses tuned to the D(1) line (pulse-repetition frequency, f(p); modulation frequency, f(m)), and the resonances observed at f(0) = nf(p) + ńf(m), (n and n' are integers) are used for the measurement. The pressure-shift coefficients obtained at 210 degrees C are 82, 61, -1, and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N(2), Ar, and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of +/-3 Hz/Torr.
Abstract The paper surveys the techniques of Doppler-free spectroscopy based on the creation and detection of Hertzian coherence in atomic and molecular systems. The preparation of individual atoms in a coherent superposition of states with the use of broadband optical excitation is discussed, with particular reference to excitation by pulsed tunable dye lasers. Time-resolved observations of the fluorescent light emitted by these atoms reveal the interference phenomenon known as quantum beats and enable Landé g-factors, fine and hyperfine splittings of excited levels to be determined. An account of progress in recent experiments with probe-beam monitoring and pulse trains from mode-locked dye lasers completes this review.
Measurements of hyperfine polarization quantum beats are used to determine the magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) coupling constants in the excited atomic Cs 8p2P3/28p{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{2}{P}_{3/2}8p2P3/2​ level. The experimental approach is a combination of pulsed optical pumping and time-delayed stimulated-emission probing of the excited level. From the measured evolution of the atomic linear polarization degree as a function of probe delay time, we determine the hyperfine coupling constants A=7.42(6)A=7.42(6)A=7.42(6) MHz and B=0.14(29)B=0.14(29)B=0.14(29) MHz.
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