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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Synchronized Quantum Beat Spectroscopy and Its Application to the Measurement of Pressure Shifts of the Hyperfine Splitting in 32S1/2of Sodium Atoms

Koji Kondo

Published Jul 15, 1983• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

The method of Synchronized Quantum Beat Spectroscopy has been improved by introducing the amplitude modulation on the excitation pulse train. By using an amplitude-modulated train of picosecond pulses from a cw mode-locked dye laser, we obtain resonance enhancement of the substate coherence (quantum beat) at f 0 = n f p + n ' f m ( n , n ' : integer, f 0 : sublevel splitting, f p : pulse repetition frequency, f m : modulation frequency), which can be detected by monitoring the optical anisotropy due to the substate coherence. Resonances can be obtained in the frequency domain by sweeping f m . Pressure shift coefficients of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3 2 S 1/2 are measured to be 82, 61, -1 and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N 2 , Ar and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of ±3 Hz/Torr.

DOI
10.1143/jpsj.52.2340

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The method of Synchronized Quantum Beat Spectroscopy has been improved by introducing the amplitude modulation on the excitation pulse train. By using an amplitude-modulated train of picosecond pulses from a cw mode-locked dye laser, we obtain resonance enhancement of the substate coherence (quantum beat) at f 0 = n f p + n ' f m ( n , n ' : integer, f 0 : sublevel splitting, f p : pulse repetition frequency, f m : modulation frequency), which can be detected by monitoring the optical anisotropy due to the substate coherence. Resonances can be obtained in the frequency domain by sweeping f m . Pressure shift coefficients of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3 2 S 1/2 are measured to be 82, 61, -1 and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N 2 , Ar and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of ±3 Hz/Torr.
Pressure shifts of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3(2)S((1/2)) that are due to buffer gases have been measured for the first time to our knowledge by all-optical means using the method of synchronized-quantum-beat spectroscopy reported previously [Y. Fukuda et al., Opt. Commun. 38, 357 (1981)]. The substate coherence is excited and detected with amplitude-modulated mode-locked laser pulses tuned to the D(1) line (pulse-repetition frequency, f(p); modulation frequency, f(m)), and the resonances observed at f(0) = nf(p) + ńf(m), (n and n' are integers) are used for the measurement. The pressure-shift coefficients obtained at 210 degrees C are 82, 61, -1, and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N(2), Ar, and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of +/-3 Hz/Torr.
We report observation of hyperfine quantum beats in the light emitted by the 72P327{^{2}P}_{\frac{3}{2}}72P23​​ level of Cs133{\mathrm{Cs}}^{133}Cs133 after excitation by a short resonant dye laser pulse. Frequency analysis of the beats provides a measurement of the hyperfine splittings in agreement with previous work. The usefulness of quantum-beat detection as a new method of laser spectroscopy without complications from the Doppler effect is discussed.
Abstract The paper surveys the techniques of Doppler-free spectroscopy based on the creation and detection of Hertzian coherence in atomic and molecular systems. The preparation of individual atoms in a coherent superposition of states with the use of broadband optical excitation is discussed, with particular reference to excitation by pulsed tunable dye lasers. Time-resolved observations of the fluorescent light emitted by these atoms reveal the interference phenomenon known as quantum beats and enable Landé g-factors, fine and hyperfine splittings of excited levels to be determined. An account of progress in recent experiments with probe-beam monitoring and pulse trains from mode-locked dye lasers completes this review.
We have demonstrated the feasibility of Doppler-free two-photon spectroscopy with a train of picosecond standing-wave light pulses from a synchronously pumped mode-locked cw dye laser. The actively controlled mode spectrum provides a means for accurate measurements of large frequency intervals. From a multipulse spectrum of the sodium $3s\ensuremath{-}4d$ transition we have determined a new value of the 4d4d4d fine-structure splitting, 1028\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4 MHz.