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Optics Letters

High-resolution synchronized-quantum-beat spectroscopy using modulation sidebands: measurement of pressure shifts of the hyperfine splitting in sodium 3^2S_1/2

Yukio Fukuda, Kazuki KONDO, M. Tanigawa, T. Hashi

Published Jun 1, 1983• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Pressure shifts of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3(2)S((1/2)) that are due to buffer gases have been measured for the first time to our knowledge by all-optical means using the method of synchronized-quantum-beat spectroscopy reported previously [Y. Fukuda et al., Opt. Commun. 38, 357 (1981)]. The substate coherence is excited and detected with amplitude-modulated mode-locked laser pulses tuned to the D(1) line (pulse-repetition frequency, f(p); modulation frequency, f(m)), and the resonances observed at f(0) = nf(p) + ńf(m), (n and n' are integers) are used for the measurement. The pressure-shift coefficients obtained at 210 degrees C are 82, 61, -1, and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N(2), Ar, and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of +/-3 Hz/Torr.

DOI
10.1364/ol.8.000301

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Pressure shifts of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3(2)S((1/2)) that are due to buffer gases have been measured for the first time to our knowledge by all-optical means using the method of synchronized-quantum-beat spectroscopy reported previously [Y. Fukuda et al., Opt. Commun. 38, 357 (1981)]. The substate coherence is excited and detected with amplitude-modulated mode-locked laser pulses tuned to the D(1) line (pulse-repetition frequency, f(p); modulation frequency, f(m)), and the resonances observed at f(0) = nf(p) + ńf(m), (n and n' are integers) are used for the measurement. The pressure-shift coefficients obtained at 210 degrees C are 82, 61, -1, and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N(2), Ar, and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of +/-3 Hz/Torr.
The method of Synchronized Quantum Beat Spectroscopy has been improved by introducing the amplitude modulation on the excitation pulse train. By using an amplitude-modulated train of picosecond pulses from a cw mode-locked dye laser, we obtain resonance enhancement of the substate coherence (quantum beat) at f 0 = n f p + n ' f m ( n , n ' : integer, f 0 : sublevel splitting, f p : pulse repetition frequency, f m : modulation frequency), which can be detected by monitoring the optical anisotropy due to the substate coherence. Resonances can be obtained in the frequency domain by sweeping f m . Pressure shift coefficients of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3 2 S 1/2 are measured to be 82, 61, -1 and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N 2 , Ar and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of ±3 Hz/Torr.
We present results of the pressure broadening and shift of the rubidium 5s2S1∕2–6p2P3∕25s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\text{--}6p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}5s2S1∕2​–6p2P3∕2​ (420.2 nm) spectral line by argon and helium buffer gases at pressures below 10 torr. High-resolution absorption measurements were performed with a single-mode external cavity diode laser, having 20-GHz tuning range and a linewidth of about 1 MHz. Pressure broadening and shift parameters of Lorentzian hyperfine components have been determined. We obtained the redshift of hyperfine spectral lines for He and the blueshift for Ar.
Quantum beats of the Na(3 2P3/2–3 2S1/2) transition and their change with the magnetic field were observed in pure Na vapor and Na+He gas by using a picosecond laser system. The energies of the hyperfine and Zeeman sublevels of the 3 2P3/2 and 3 2S1/2 states were calculated by using the reported hyperfine constants and g factors, and the theoretical curve of the quantum beats was calculated. The results were in good agreement with the observed profile of the quantum beats in phase of modulation, but the difference of the amplitudes increased with time. By comparing the amplitude of the theoretical curve of the quantum beats with that of the experimental curve, we determined the relaxation time of coherence. The decay of amplitude of the modulation was found to become faster as the pressure of the foreign gas (He) was increased. The decay of amplitude, i.e., the decay of coherence arises from the dephasing, which occurs from the fluctuation of the level energies induced by the interatomic interaction.
The sodium DDD resonance lines have been studied in saturated absorption with a repetitively pulsed tunable dye laser. The hyperfine splitting of the 32S123^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}32S21​​ and 32P123^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}32P21​​ states of Na23{\mathrm{Na}}^{23}Na23 is resolved. Measurements with a delayed probe reveal a remanent hole burning in the velocity distributions of the two ground-state levels, caused by a velocity-selective optical pumping cycle. A time-resolved observation of the collisional-velocity thermalization in the presence of Ar buffer gas is reported.