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Physical Review A

High-resolution measurements of the pressure broadening and shift of the rubidium 5S1∕22–6P3∕22 line by argon and helium

Damir Aumiler, Ticijana Ban, Goran Pichler

Published Sep 30, 2004• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present results of the pressure broadening and shift of the rubidium $5s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\text{--}6p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}$ (420.2 nm) spectral line by argon and helium buffer gases at pressures below 10 torr. High-resolution absorption measurements were performed with a single-mode external cavity diode laser, having 20-GHz tuning range and a linewidth of about 1 MHz. Pressure broadening and shift parameters of Lorentzian hyperfine components have been determined. We obtained the redshift of hyperfine spectral lines for He and the blueshift for Ar.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.032723

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We present results of the pressure broadening and shift of the rubidium 5s2S1∕2–6p2P3∕25s\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}S_{1∕2}\text{--}6p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{2}P_{3∕2}5s2S1∕2​–6p2P3∕2​ (420.2 nm) spectral line by argon and helium buffer gases at pressures below 10 torr. High-resolution absorption measurements were performed with a single-mode external cavity diode laser, having 20-GHz tuning range and a linewidth of about 1 MHz. Pressure broadening and shift parameters of Lorentzian hyperfine components have been determined. We obtained the redshift of hyperfine spectral lines for He and the blueshift for Ar.
We have measured the pressure broadening and shift of the cesium D1D1D1 (894 nm) and D2D2D2 (852 nm) lines by nitrogen and helium buffer gases at pressures of 0--160 Torr using high-resolution spectroscopy with tunable external-cavity diode lasers. This measurement has a precision of about 1%, which significantly improves upon previously published measurements for the Cs D1D1D1 and D2D2D2 lines in N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ and He buffer gases.
The shift and broadening of the second doublet of the principal series of rubidium produced by argon and by helium were studied for pressures up to 123.5 atmospheres (rd 52) and up to 97.5 atmospheres (rd 44), respectively. The red shift produced by argon gives a linear relationship with its relative density, rd. The slopes for both components of the doublet are 2.95 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/rd. The violet shift produced by helium in the high pressure range is greater than linear with the rd. The 2P12^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}2P21​​ component is shifted more than the 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ component.Argon shows a nicely linear broadening for both components over the entire range of rd. For the 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ component the broadening is 2.28 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/rd and for the 2P12^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}2P21​​ component it is 2.11 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$/rd. Helium appears to give a definite quadratic broadening, particularly for the 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ component.
Abstract A cell with a submicron thickness was used to measure the broadening and shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb atoms by neon. The resolution of hypefine components is achieved by a combination of two techniques. First, the Rb vapor column thickness in the direction of propagation of the laser radiation was chosen equal to half of its wavelength λ under conditions of resonance with the atomic transition frequency. For rubidium atoms λ/2 ~ 400 nm. At a nanocell thickness L ~ λ/2, in the transmission spectrum A(ν), the spectral lines of atomic transitions are narrowed due to the exclusion of Doppler broadening. Second, further narrowing of the detected signals was achieved by the double differentiation of the transmission spectrum, A''(ν). The transmission spectra of pure rubidium vapor and rubidium vapor with the addition of neon have been measured at different pressures. The measured values of the shift coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines of rubidium in the presence of Ne were –1.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr and –2.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr, respectively. The broadening coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines coincide and are equal to 10 ± 1 MHz/Torr. Due to its high spectral resolution, this technique allows separate measurements for each individual transition.
Spectroscopy of alkali-metal--buffer-gas mixtures at high pressures from single-digit to several hundred bars in the regime of substantial collisional broadening is relevant in a wide range of fields, ranging from collisional redistribution cooling to laboratory astrophysics. Here we report on spectroscopic measurements of dense rubidium--noble-gas mixtures recorded in a pressure cell equipped with soldered sapphire optical viewports, which allows for the controlled realization of extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure in a table top laboratory experiment. In the gas cell, we have recorded absorption and emission spectra of rubidium subject to 188 bars of helium buffer-gas pressure at 548-K temperature. The spectra to good accuracy follow a Boltzmann-type Kennard-Stepanov frequency scaling of the ratio of absorption and emission spectral profiles. Further, the long optical path length in the cell allowed us to both record spectra of rubidium-argon mixtures at moderate temperatures and high pressures and observe redistributional laser cooling in this system.
The displacement, asymmetry, and broadening of the second doublet of the rubidium principal series perturbed by pure helium, neon and argon up to 13 atmospheres are observed. The displacement as well as the broadening of the doublet components are not the same. The 2P12^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}2P21​​ component shifts and broadens more conspicuously than the 2P112^{2}P_{1\frac{1}{2}}2P121​​ component (an exception being the broadening by argon). The departure from linear relationship between the shift and the density of the perturbing gas is quite manifest. Both for helium and for neon the line contour shows a distinct asymmetry towards the violet, while for argon the line contour shows a very strong red asymmetry. For helium and neon the violet asymmetries of the 2P12^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}2P21​​ component are stronger than that of the 2P112^{2}P_{1\frac{1}{2}}2P121​​ component; the reverse is true for argon. The relationship between the half-width and the relative density is linear for foreign gas concentrations of relative densities up to 8 so far applied.
Pressure shifts of the hyperfine splitting in Na 3(2)S((1/2)) that are due to buffer gases have been measured for the first time to our knowledge by all-optical means using the method of synchronized-quantum-beat spectroscopy reported previously [Y. Fukuda et al., Opt. Commun. 38, 357 (1981)]. The substate coherence is excited and detected with amplitude-modulated mode-locked laser pulses tuned to the D(1) line (pulse-repetition frequency, f(p); modulation frequency, f(m)), and the resonances observed at f(0) = nf(p) + ńf(m), (n and n' are integers) are used for the measurement. The pressure-shift coefficients obtained at 210 degrees C are 82, 61, -1, and -47 Hz/Torr for He, N(2), Ar, and Kr, respectively, within an accuracy of +/-3 Hz/Torr.