Physical Review A

Photon-echo quantum beats on the 7P32−6S12 transition in cesium

Steven Aoki

Published Nov 1, 1979• 15 citations

Abstract

Photon-echo quantum beats arising from magnetic splitting of the cesium $7{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ transition were observed in a dilute atomic vapor by means of a novel polarization-rotation technique. The quantum-beat spectrum contains frequencies generated by the hyperfine structure of the $7{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}$ level as well as those due to the Zeeman splitting of both ground and excited levels. Experimental data for both $F=3$ and $F=4$ hyperfine components of the $6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ ground state and for several echo delay times were fitted to calculated spectra, including corrections arising from Faraday rotation of the echo pulses.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.20.2013

Related papers

Polarization rotation of photon echoes in cesium vapor in a magnetic field

Thomas M. Baer, Isaac D. Abella

Physical Review ANov 1, 197742 citations

Sublevel echoes selectively excited by light-pulse trains: synchronized-quantum-beat echoes

M. Tanigawa, Yukio Fukuda, T. Kohmoto +2 more

Optics LettersDec 1, 198315 citations

Quantum beat spectroscopy: Stimulated emission probe of hyperfine quantum beats in the atomic cesium

Jacob McFarland, Phill Arndt, Burcin Bayram

polarization quantum beats are used to determine the magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) coupling constants in the excited atomic Cs 8p 2 P3=2 level. The experimental approach is a combination of pulsed optical pumping and time-delayed stimulated-emission probing of the excited level. From the measured evolution of the atomic linear polarization degree as a function of probe delay time, we determine the hyperne coupling constants A = 7.42(6) MHz and B = 0.14(29) MHz.

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 9, 20150 citations

Measurement of hyperfine coupling constants in the 3dt2 Dj levels of K39 , K40 , and K41 by polarization quantum-beat spectroscopy

A. Sieradzan, R. Stoleru, Wo Yei +1 more

Physical Review AMay 1, 199714 citations

Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization in ytterbium vapor

Н. Н. Рубцова, В. Н. Ищенко, Хворостов Евгений Борисович +3 more

Physical Review AAug 10, 200434 citations

Quantum Beats in Superfluorescence in Atomic Cesium

Quirin H. F. Vrehen, H. M. J. Hikspoors, H. M. Gibbs

Physical Review LettersApr 4, 1977110 citations

Physical Review A

Photon-echo quantum beats on the 7P32−6S12 transition in cesium

Steven Aoki

Published Nov 1, 1979• 15 citations

Publisher

Abstract

Photon-echo quantum beats arising from magnetic splitting of the cesium

7{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}

transition were observed in a dilute atomic vapor by means of a novel polarization-rotation technique. The quantum-beat spectrum contains frequencies generated by the hyperfine structure of the

7{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}

level as well as those due to the Zeeman splitting of both ground and excited levels. Experimental data for both

F=3

and

F=4

hyperfine components of the

6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}

ground state and for several echo delay times were fitted to calculated spectra, including corrections arising from Faraday rotation of the echo pulses.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.20.2013

Related papers

Polarization rotation of photon echoes in cesium vapor in a magnetic field

Thomas M. Baer, Isaac D. Abella

We report observations of the rotation of the plane of polarization of photon echoes by a weak axial magnetic field. The echoes are generated on the $6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ to $7{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ transition in cesium (4593 \AA{}) by a sequence of two collinear laser pulses polarized in the same direction. When a magnetic field is applied along the propagation axis the polarization vector of the echo is rotated from that of the exciting pulses. We measure the intensity of the photon echo signal polarized orthogonal to the excitation pulse polarization as a function of magnetic field and pulse separation. The theoretical analysis decribes cesium atoms as a nondegenerate multilevel system, consisting of ground and excited Zeeman-split hyperfine-structure levels. The theory presented predicts the observed dependence on magnetic field strength, pulse separation, and excited- and ground-state $g$ factors. A novel method of observing photon echoes is described which uses the polarization rotation effect to replace electro-optical shutters often employed in photon echo experiments.We report observations of the rotation of the plane of polarization of photon echoes by a weak axial magnetic field. The echoes are generated on the $6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ to $7{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ transition in cesium (4593 \AA{}) by a sequence of two collinear laser pulses polarized in the same direction. When a magnetic field is applied along the propagation axis the polarization vector of the echo is rotated from that of the exciting pulses. We measure the intensity of the photon echo signal polarized orthogonal to the excitation pulse polarization as a function of magnetic field and pulse separation. The theoretical analysis decribes cesium atoms as a nondegenerate multilevel system, consisting of ground and excited Zeeman-split hyperfine-structure levels. The theory presented predicts the observed dependence on magnetic field strength, pulse separation, and excited- and ground-state $g$ factors. A novel method of observing photon echoes is described which uses the polarization rotation effect to replace electro-optical shutters often employed in photon echo experiments.

Physical Review ANov 1, 197742 citations

Sublevel echoes selectively excited by light-pulse trains: synchronized-quantum-beat echoes

M. Tanigawa, Yukio Fukuda, T. Kohmoto +2 more

We report on a new type of sublevel echoes, synchronized-quantum-beat (SQB) echoes, generated by a successive application of two resonant light-pulse trains. The echoes are selectively generated for a sublevel pair whose frequency splitting is equal to an integral multiple of the repetition frequency of the light pulses. By using mode locked laser pulses tuned to the D(1) transition, we observed SQB echoes (and free induction decay) for all Zeeman and hyperfine transitions in the ground state of sodium atoms in low magnetic fields.We report on a new type of sublevel echoes, synchronized-quantum-beat (SQB) echoes, generated by a successive application of two resonant light-pulse trains. The echoes are selectively generated for a sublevel pair whose frequency splitting is equal to an integral multiple of the repetition frequency of the light pulses. By using mode locked laser pulses tuned to the D(1) transition, we observed SQB echoes (and free induction decay) for all Zeeman and hyperfine transitions in the ground state of sodium atoms in low magnetic fields.

Optics LettersDec 1, 198315 citations

Quantum beat spectroscopy: Stimulated emission probe of hyperfine quantum beats in the atomic cesium

Jacob McFarland, Phill Arndt, Burcin Bayram

Bulletin of the American Physical SocietyJun 9, 20150 citations

Measurement of hyperfine coupling constants in the 3dt2 Dj levels of K39 , K40 , and K41 by polarization quantum-beat spectroscopy

A. Sieradzan, R. Stoleru, Wo Yei +1 more

Hyperfine quantum-beat spectroscopy has been utilized in a pump-probe configuration to measure magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) coupling constants in the 3d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$ and 3d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ levels of three isotopes of potassium. For many of these levels, the largest hyperfine splitting is smaller than the natural width, and so a subnatural linewidth technique is required. In the experiments, the 3d levels are excited on the 4d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}$ quadrupole transition with linearly polarized light. Time evolution of the alignment components in the d levels is probed by time-delayed resonant radiation on the 3d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}$ \ensuremath{\rightarrow}9p ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}$ transitions. Comparison of the excitation rate for two orthogonal relative polarization directions of the pump and probe laser at each delay time permits derivation of a linear polarization degree. This quantity contains beats at the various hyperfine frequencies in the d levels. Fitting the experimentally obtained time dependence to theoretical expressions allows extraction of the hyperfine coupling constants. For the 3d ${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$ level of $^{40}\mathrm{K}$ we obtain A=0.96(4) MHz and B=0.37(8) MHz, indicating a typical precision also obtained for the other levels and isotopes.Hyperfine quantum-beat spectroscopy has been utilized in a pump-probe configuration to measure magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) coupling constants in the 3d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$ and 3d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}$ levels of three isotopes of potassium. For many of these levels, the largest hyperfine splitting is smaller than the natural width, and so a subnatural linewidth technique is required. In the experiments, the 3d levels are excited on the 4d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}$ quadrupole transition with linearly polarized light. Time evolution of the alignment components in the d levels is probed by time-delayed resonant radiation on the 3d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}9p${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}$ transitions. Comparison of the excitation rate for two orthogonal relative polarization directions of the pump and probe laser at each delay time permits derivation of a linear polarization degree. This quantity contains beats at the various hyperfine frequencies in the d levels. Fitting the experimentally obtained time dependence to theoretical expressions allows extraction of the hyperfine coupling constants. For the 3d${\mathrm{}}^{2}$${\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}$ level of $^{40}\mathrm{K}$ we obtain A=0.96(4) MHz and B=0.37(8) MHz, indicating a typical precision also obtained for the other levels and isotopes.

Physical Review AMay 1, 199714 citations

Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization in ytterbium vapor

Н. Н. Рубцова, В. Н. Ищенко, Хворостов Евгений Борисович +3 more

Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization was investigated at the $J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$ transition in a wide range of longitudinal magnetic field strength. The echo was generated at the intercombination transition $(6s6p)^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6{s}^{2})^{1}S_{0}$ of $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization. A detailed analysis of the echo polarization performed by an angled echo technique has shown quite different behavior in the weak and strong magnetic field limits. The photon echo has polarization close to linear at a magnetic field strength $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\leqslant}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; its polarization plane rotates around the magnetic field vector clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the magnetic field orientation relative to the wave vector. The photon-echo polarization components and echo power oscillate as functions of $\mathcal{B}$ . As the magnetic field increases, the oscillations become smaller and almost disappear at a magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\approx}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; the photon echo does not disappear at this magnetic field, but its polarization vector no longer has a preferred orientation. Numerical calculations of the photon echo generated at a spectral wide line agree with the experimental behavior of the photon-echo polarization for an arbitrary magnetic field.Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization was investigated at the $J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$ transition in a wide range of longitudinal magnetic field strength. The echo was generated at the intercombination transition $(6s6p)^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6{s}^{2})^{1}S_{0}$ of $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization. A detailed analysis of the echo polarization performed by an angled echo technique has shown quite different behavior in the weak and strong magnetic field limits. The photon echo has polarization close to linear at a magnetic field strength $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\leqslant}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; its polarization plane rotates around the magnetic field vector clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the magnetic field orientation relative to the wave vector. The photon-echo polarization components and echo power oscillate as functions of $\mathcal{B}$. As the magnetic field increases, the oscillations become smaller and almost disappear at a magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\approx}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; the photon echo does not disappear at this magnetic field, but its polarization vector no longer has a preferred orientation. Numerical calculations of the photon echo generated at a spectral wide line agree with the experimental behavior of the photon-echo polarization for an arbitrary magnetic field.

Physical Review AAug 10, 200434 citations

Quantum Beats in Superfluorescence in Atomic Cesium

Quirin H. F. Vrehen, H. M. J. Hikspoors, H. M. Gibbs

Superfluorescence has been observed at 3 \ensuremath{\mu}m on the $7P$ -to- $7S$ transition in atomic cesium after 2-ns excitation of a $6S$ -to- $7P$ transition. Both in a magnetic field and in zero field, quantum beats have been observed. The beat frequencies correspond not only to initial-level splittings but also to combinations of initial- and final-level splittings. Superfluorescence beats are therefore basically different from single-atom quantum beats.Superfluorescence has been observed at 3 \ensuremath{\mu}m on the $7P$-to-$7S$ transition in atomic cesium after 2-ns excitation of a $6S$-to-$7P$ transition. Both in a magnetic field and in zero field, quantum beats have been observed. The beat frequencies correspond not only to initial-level splittings but also to combinations of initial- and final-level splittings. Superfluorescence beats are therefore basically different from single-atom quantum beats.

Physical Review LettersApr 4, 1977110 citations

Photon-echo quantum beats arising from magnetic splitting of the cesium

7{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}\ensuremath{-}6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}

transition were observed in a dilute atomic vapor by means of a novel polarization-rotation technique. The quantum-beat spectrum contains frequencies generated by the hyperfine structure of the

7{P}_{\frac{3}{2}}

level as well as those due to the Zeeman splitting of both ground and excited levels. Experimental data for both

F=3

and

F=4

hyperfine components of the

6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}

ground state and for several echo delay times were fitted to calculated spectra, including corrections arising from Faraday rotation of the echo pulses.

We report observations of the rotation of the plane of polarization of photon echoes by a weak axial magnetic field. The echoes are generated on the

6{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}

7{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}

transition in cesium (4593 \AA{}) by a sequence of two collinear laser pulses polarized in the same direction. When a magnetic field is applied along the propagation axis the polarization vector of the echo is rotated from that of the exciting pulses. We measure the intensity of the photon echo signal polarized orthogonal to the excitation pulse polarization as a function of magnetic field and pulse separation. The theoretical analysis decribes cesium atoms as a nondegenerate multilevel system, consisting of ground and excited Zeeman-split hyperfine-structure levels. The theory presented predicts the observed dependence on magnetic field strength, pulse separation, and excited- and ground-state

g

factors. A novel method of observing photon echoes is described which uses the polarization rotation effect to replace electro-optical shutters often employed in photon echo experiments.

Hyperfine quantum-beat spectroscopy has been utilized in a pump-probe configuration to measure magnetic dipole (A) and electric quadrupole (B) coupling constants in the 3d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}

and 3d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{5\mathrm{/}2}

levels of three isotopes of potassium. For many of these levels, the largest hyperfine splitting is smaller than the natural width, and so a subnatural linewidth technique is required. In the experiments, the 3d levels are excited on the 4d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}3d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}

quadrupole transition with linearly polarized light. Time evolution of the alignment components in the d levels is probed by time-delayed resonant radiation on the 3d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{\mathrm{j}}

\ensuremath{\rightarrow}9p

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{P}}_{\mathrm{j}}

transitions. Comparison of the excitation rate for two orthogonal relative polarization directions of the pump and probe laser at each delay time permits derivation of a linear polarization degree. This quantity contains beats at the various hyperfine frequencies in the d levels. Fitting the experimentally obtained time dependence to theoretical expressions allows extraction of the hyperfine coupling constants. For the 3d

{\mathrm{}}^{2}

{\mathrm{D}}_{3\mathrm{/}2}

level of

^{40}\mathrm{K}

we obtain A=0.96(4) MHz and B=0.37(8) MHz, indicating a typical precision also obtained for the other levels and isotopes.

^{174}\mathrm{Yb}

by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization. A detailed analysis of the echo polarization performed by an angled echo technique has shown quite different behavior in the weak and strong magnetic field limits. The photon echo has polarization close to linear at a magnetic field strength $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\leqslant}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; its polarization plane rotates around the magnetic field vector clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the magnetic field orientation relative to the wave vector. The photon-echo polarization components and echo power oscillate as functions of

\mathcal{B}

. As the magnetic field increases, the oscillations become smaller and almost disappear at a magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\approx}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; the photon echo does not disappear at this magnetic field, but its polarization vector no longer has a preferred orientation. Numerical calculations of the photon echo generated at a spectral wide line agree with the experimental behavior of the photon-echo polarization for an arbitrary magnetic field.

Superfluorescence has been observed at 3 \ensuremath{\mu}m on the

7P

-to-

7S

transition in atomic cesium after 2-ns excitation of a

6S

-to-

7P

transition. Both in a magnetic field and in zero field, quantum beats have been observed. The beat frequencies correspond not only to initial-level splittings but also to combinations of initial- and final-level splittings. Superfluorescence beats are therefore basically different from single-atom quantum beats.