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Physical Review A

Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization in ytterbium vapor

Н. Н. Рубцова, В. Н. Ищенко, Хворостов Евгений Борисович, Sergei A. Kochubei, Решетов Владимир Александрович, Igor V. Yevseyev

Published Aug 10, 2004• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization was investigated at the $J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0$ transition in a wide range of longitudinal magnetic field strength. The echo was generated at the intercombination transition $(6s6p)^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6{s}^{2})^{1}S_{0}$ of $^{174}\mathrm{Yb}$ by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization. A detailed analysis of the echo polarization performed by an angled echo technique has shown quite different behavior in the weak and strong magnetic field limits. The photon echo has polarization close to linear at a magnetic field strength $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\leqslant}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; its polarization plane rotates around the magnetic field vector clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the magnetic field orientation relative to the wave vector. The photon-echo polarization components and echo power oscillate as functions of $\mathcal{B}$. As the magnetic field increases, the oscillations become smaller and almost disappear at a magnetic field $\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\approx}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}$; the photon echo does not disappear at this magnetic field, but its polarization vector no longer has a preferred orientation. Numerical calculations of the photon echo generated at a spectral wide line agree with the experimental behavior of the photon-echo polarization for an arbitrary magnetic field.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.70.023403

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Laser Physics•Apr 1, 2006•12 citations
Non-Faraday rotation of photon-echo polarization was investigated at the J=1\ensuremath↔J=0J=1\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}J=0J=1\ensuremath↔J=0 transition in a wide range of longitudinal magnetic field strength. The echo was generated at the intercombination transition (6s6p)3P1\ensuremath→(6s2)1S0(6s6p)^{3}P_{1}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}(6{s}^{2})^{1}S_{0}(6s6p)3P1​\ensuremath→(6s2)1S0​ of 174Yb^{174}\mathrm{Yb}174Yb by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization. A detailed analysis of the echo polarization performed by an angled echo technique has shown quite different behavior in the weak and strong magnetic field limits. The photon echo has polarization close to linear at a magnetic field strength B\ensuremath⩽5G\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\leqslant}5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}B\ensuremath⩽5G; its polarization plane rotates around the magnetic field vector clockwise or counterclockwise depending on the magnetic field orientation relative to the wave vector. The photon-echo polarization components and echo power oscillate as functions of B\mathcal{B}B. As the magnetic field increases, the oscillations become smaller and almost disappear at a magnetic field B\ensuremath≈40G\mathcal{B}\ensuremath{\approx}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{G}B\ensuremath≈40G; the photon echo does not disappear at this magnetic field, but its polarization vector no longer has a preferred orientation. Numerical calculations of the photon echo generated at a spectral wide line agree with the experimental behavior of the photon-echo polarization for an arbitrary magnetic field.
Detailed experimental analysis of photon echo polarization in a longitudinal magnetic field is performed for the first time at the simplest quantum transition J = 1 ↔ J = 0 for which the non-Faraday rotation of photon echo polarization plane was predicted. The echo was generated at the intercombination transition (6s6p) 3P1 → (6s2) 1S0 of 174Yb by two resonant laser pulses of linear (parallel or mutually orthogonal) polarization, and the angled echo optical scheme was applied for the detection. At the magnetic field strength ℬ ⩽ 5 G the photon echo has polarization very close to linear one; its polarization plane rotates around magnetic field vector, and photon echo polarization components and integral echo power oscillate versus ℬ from its maximum value to zero, in agreement with theory. At a stronger magnetic field ℬ ∼ 40 G photon echo power oscillations disappear, no preferable orientation of polarization vector is observed; the fluctuations of exciting radiation spectrum are supposed to be responsible for this "non-polarized" echo.
The polarization properties of the photon echo generated by two linearly polarized pulses of resonant radiation at the (6s6p)3 P 1 ↔ (6s 2)1 S 0 transition of 174Yb are investigated. A complicated polarization behavior of the photon echo versus an angle between the polarization vectors of the excitation pulses is revealed in a mixture of ytterbium vapor with inert gas. For the angles ranging from 0° to 75°, a conventional echo with its linear polarization coinciding with the second excitation pulse dominates and the echo amplitude decreases with an increasing angle. For the angles ranging from 75° to 89°, the photon echo is elliptically polarized. Finally, for an angle of 90°, the conventional echo disappears and the collision echo becomes linearly polarized along the first excitation pulse.
We report observations of the rotation of the plane of polarization of photon echoes by a weak axial magnetic field. The echoes are generated on the 6S126{S}_{\frac{1}{2}}6S21​​ to 7P127{P}_{\frac{1}{2}}7P21​​ transition in cesium (4593 \AA{}) by a sequence of two collinear laser pulses polarized in the same direction. When a magnetic field is applied along the propagation axis the polarization vector of the echo is rotated from that of the exciting pulses. We measure the intensity of the photon echo signal polarized orthogonal to the excitation pulse polarization as a function of magnetic field and pulse separation. The theoretical analysis decribes cesium atoms as a nondegenerate multilevel system, consisting of ground and excited Zeeman-split hyperfine-structure levels. The theory presented predicts the observed dependence on magnetic field strength, pulse separation, and excited- and ground-state ggg factors. A novel method of observing photon echoes is described which uses the polarization rotation effect to replace electro-optical shutters often employed in photon echo experiments.
A retrospective review of both theoretical and experimental works on photon echo in gases in the presence of longitudinal magnetic fields is presented from the viewpoint of new possibilities opened by this research for polarization echo spectroscopy of gases. The main attention is given to the physical scenario of the magnetic field’s effect on the properties of the photon echo. New results on the photon echo and stimulated photon echo in ytterbium vapor at the 1 ↔ 0 transition in the presence of the longitudinal magnetic field whose strength ranges from weak to strong are presented. Possible applications of the magnetic field effects for optical data storage and processing are analyzed.
Shape correlation and magnetic field control of stimulated photon echo (SPE) are investigated as basic properties useful for optical data storage and treatment. The SPE polarization was investigated in ytterbium vapour at the intercombination transition (6s6p) 3P1 → (6s2) 1S0 for the first time in a wide range of longitudinal magnetic field strength. SPE was generated by three resonant laser pulses of identical linear polarization and wave vectors directed symmetrically at small angles to the axis of cylindric vapour cell. SPE polarization is close to linear one in zero magnetic field. As magnetic field increases, the SPE polarization acquires ellipticity with the ellipse axis rotated around magnetic field vector. Components of SPE polarization show oscillations versus magnetic field with higher contrast of the oscillations in the weak field.
Polarization of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) at the 0 ↔ 1 transition in ytterbium vapors in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field of 0–40 G is experimentally and theoretically studied. The SPE is generated using three light pulses with identical linear polarizations, so that the SPE polarization is the same at zero magnetic field. In the presence of a weak magnetic field, the SPE polarization vector rotates around the magnetic field vector and the depolarization of the SPE signal takes place. Each of the SPE polarization components exhibits biharmonic oscillations depending on the magnetic field. In the presence of a strong magnetic field, these oscillations vanish and the SPE becomes depolarized. The experimental data are in qualitative agreement with the results of the numerical calculations performed with the method of the evolution operator for the finite-duration excitation pulses. The application of the results for the processing of optical data is discussed.