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Laser Physics

Conventional and collision photon echo in ytterbium vapor

Н. Н. Рубцова, Sergei A. Kochubei, В. Н. Ищенко, Хворостов Евгений Борисович, Igor V. Yevseyev

Published Feb 1, 2009• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The polarization properties of the photon echo generated by two linearly polarized pulses of resonant radiation at the (6s6p)3 P 1 ↔ (6s 2)1 S 0 transition of 174Yb are investigated. A complicated polarization behavior of the photon echo versus an angle between the polarization vectors of the excitation pulses is revealed in a mixture of ytterbium vapor with inert gas. For the angles ranging from 0° to 75°, a conventional echo with its linear polarization coinciding with the second excitation pulse dominates and the echo amplitude decreases with an increasing angle. For the angles ranging from 75° to 89°, the photon echo is elliptically polarized. Finally, for an angle of 90°, the conventional echo disappears and the collision echo becomes linearly polarized along the first excitation pulse.

DOI
10.1134/s1054660x09020042

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A collision-induced photon echo arising at the transition $0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}1$ of ytterbium in the presence of heavy atomic buffer is investigated. Collision-induced echo signal appears in the case of mutually orthogonal linear polarizations of exciting pulses and it is absent without buffer. Collision-induced echo power grows with buffer pressure up to the maximum value and decays exponentially at further buffer pressure growth. Collision-induced echo power is essentially less than that of the ordinary echo generated by pulses with parallel polarizations in the same mixture, and its polarization is linear with the polarization vector directed along that of the first exciting pulse. All the properties of collision-induced photon echo are explained on the basis of collision relaxation dependence on the direction of active atom velocity.

Physical Review A•Sep 14, 2011•19 citations
The polarization properties of the photon echo generated by two linearly polarized pulses of resonant radiation at the (6s6p)3 P 1 ↔ (6s 2)1 S 0 transition of 174Yb are investigated. A complicated polarization behavior of the photon echo versus an angle between the polarization vectors of the excitation pulses is revealed in a mixture of ytterbium vapor with inert gas. For the angles ranging from 0° to 75°, a conventional echo with its linear polarization coinciding with the second excitation pulse dominates and the echo amplitude decreases with an increasing angle. For the angles ranging from 75° to 89°, the photon echo is elliptically polarized. Finally, for an angle of 90°, the conventional echo disappears and the collision echo becomes linearly polarized along the first excitation pulse.
Photon echo generated at the inter-combination transition (6s 2) 1 S 0 − (6s6p) 3 P 1 of 174Yb was investigated for pure ytterbium vapor and for its mixtures with atomic buffers. In pure ytterbium vapor, the polarization of photon echoes at this 0–1 transition coincides with the polarization of the second exciting pulse for all combinations of linear and circular polarizations of exciting radiation pulses. Photon echo does not appear either for linear orthogonal or for opposite circular polarizations of exciting pulses in pure ytterbium. In mixtures of ytterbium with atomic buffers (Kr, Xe), collision induced photon echo arises only for exciting pulses of linear orthogonal polarizations, its power is essentially less than that of the ordinary echo generated by pulses with parallel polarizations in the same mixture. Polarization of collision induced echo is linear, and it coincides with polarization of the first exciting pulse. Experimental results agree with calculations, and they confirm that the collision induced photon echo at this transition arises exclusively due to anisotropy of depolarizing collisions.
Collision induced photon echo generated at the inter-combination transition (6s6p) 3P1 ↔ (6s2) 1S0 of 174Yb in the mixture Yb+Xe is investigated. Collision echo is generated by two unidirectional pulses of resonant radiation with linear and mutually orthogonal polarizations. The collision induced echo appears exclusively due to Yb collisions with buffer, and its polarization coincides with polarization of the first exciting pulse. Experimental results are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions for anisotropic depolarizing collisions.
Isotropic depolarizing collisions are studied using a stimulated photon echo with a specific polarization of the excitation radiation pulses in a mixture of ytterbium with krypton for the J = 1 ⇄ J = 0 transition of 174Yb. The difference between the relaxation rates of orientation and alignment γ (2) − γ (1) of the 3 P 1(6s6p) 174Yb level is measured as a function of the krypton pressure. The collision photon echo at the J = 1 ⇄ J = 0 transition induced by the anisotropic relaxation is studied for the Yb + Xe mixture. The power of the collision echo increases from zero with the addition of a buffer gas to ytterbium, reaches an optimal level, and decreases with an increase in the buffer gas pressure. The polarization of this collision-induced echo differs from the polarization of the conventional echo. The experimental results are in qualitative agreement with theoretical predictions.
Abstract The nonmonotonic kinetics of a collision-induced photon echo has been investigated for a number of buffer atoms. The collision-induced photon echo was generated at the 174Yb (6s2) 1S0 ↔ (6s6p) 3P1 (0 ↔ 1) transition by a pair of linearly and mutually orthogonally polarized resonant radiation pulses in ytterbium vapor and its mixtures with He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe. The kinetics of the conventional photon echo generated by pulses with identical linear polarizations was recorded in the same mixtures. The derived decay rate constants for both types of echo are equal to within the measurement errors. For the collisions of 174Yb atoms between themselves and with other ytterbium isotopes in a natural mixture of isotopes, an upper limit for the anisotropy parameter has been estimated, 0.22 ± 0.07 of the photon echo signal decay rate.
The polarization of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) generated in a gas at the 0↔1 transition was analysed for the first time for all combinations of three linearly polarized resonant radiation exciting pulses. Experimental results were obtained for the SPE generated at the inter-combination transition (6s 2 ) 1 S 0 ↔(6s6p) 3 P 1 of 174 Yb (type 0↔1). In the case where one of the exciting pulses had linear polarization crossed with that of the other two exciting pulses, the SPE polarization proved to be linear and parallel to the crossed pulse polarization. When the second and third exciting pulses had linear polarizations crossed with that of the first one, no SPE in pure ytterbium appeared. For high dilution of ytterbium with the Xe atomic buffer, a collision-induced SPE appeared and showed a non-monotonic amplitude dependence on the buffer pressure and a polarization coinciding with the polarization of the first pulse.
A collision-induced photon echo arising at the transition $0\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}1$ of ytterbium in the presence of heavy atomic buffer is investigated. Collision-induced echo signal appears in the case of mutually orthogonal linear polarizations of exciting pulses and it is absent without buffer. Collision-induced echo power grows with buffer pressure up to the maximum value and decays exponentially at further buffer pressure growth. Collision-induced echo power is essentially less than that of the ordinary echo generated by pulses with parallel polarizations in the same mixture, and its polarization is linear with the polarization vector directed along that of the first exciting pulse. All the properties of collision-induced photon echo are explained on the basis of collision relaxation dependence on the direction of active atom velocity.