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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Two-photon absorption spectroscopy in ytterbium

Pierre Camus, Anne Débarre, C. Morillon

Published Jun 15, 1978• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Highly excited levels of ytterbium have been investigated using two-photon absorption spectroscopy and space-charge detection. The authors tuned the 0.2 cm -1 dye laser radiation over the range 3900-4100 AA and observed the even-parity states J=0 and J=2 belonging to the series 4f 14 6s ns 1 S 0 , 4f 14 6s nd 1 D 2 , 4f 14 6s nd 3 D 2 from n=13-62, from n=11-64 and from n=11-21, respectively. Many strong perturbations appear due to configurations with a 4f 13 core.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/11/13/006

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Sep 28, 1989•16 citations
Highly excited levels of ytterbium have been investigated using two-photon absorption spectroscopy and space-charge detection. The authors tuned the 0.2 cm -1 dye laser radiation over the range 3900-4100 AA and observed the even-parity states J=0 and J=2 belonging to the series 4f 14 6s ns 1 S 0 , 4f 14 6s nd 1 D 2 , 4f 14 6s nd 3 D 2 from n=13-62, from n=11-64 and from n=11-21, respectively. Many strong perturbations appear due to configurations with a 4f 13 core.
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd were populated from the metastable 4f14^{14}14 6s 6p 3^33Po_oo​ level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields FcF_cFc​ of the levels 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd 3^33D1_11​ (24 ≤ n ≤ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (FcF_cFc​ = (16 n∗4n^{*4}n∗4)−1^{-1}−1). The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest nnn values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nnnd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for nnn = 26 was demonstrated.
We report a reinvestigation of the 6snf 1,3F3 (9 < or = n < or = 30), 6snp 1P1 (12 < or = n < or = 56), 6snp 3P1 (12 < or = n < or = 21) and 6snp 3P2 (12 < or = n < or = 19) Rydberg states of ytterbium atom using a two-colour three-photon resonant excitation technique through the 4f146s5d 1D2 intermediate level. The spectra were observed using two dye lasers simultaneously pumped by a common Nd:YAG laser in conjunction with a thermionic diode ion detector. Some new levels have been identified in the vicinity of the 6snf (9 < or = n < or = 16) Rydberg levels. Three new perturbers 4f135d 26s3D3 at 48 584.1 cm-1, 4f135d26s 1F3 at 49 122.4 cm-1 and 4f135d26s 3G3 at 49 661.6 cm-1 have been located in addition to observation of the 6s9d 1D2 and 6p2 1D2 even parity levels due to sequential excitation from the 6s6p 1P1 level. The interchannel interactions among the J = 2 and J = 3 channels have been analysed using multichannel quantum defect theory.
Using three-step laser excitation in an atomic beam and a time-resolved spectroscopy technique, we measured both the lifetimes of the Rydberg levels of Yb i belonging to the perturbed series 6nsp 3^{3}3P2{\mathit{P}}_{2}P2​ and the lifetimes of the perturbing 4${\mathit{f}}^{13}555{\mathit{d}}^{2}$6s 3^{3}3P2{\mathit{P}}_{2}P2​,1{,}^{1},1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ levels. An expected shortening has been observed for the lifetimes of those levels which are strongly mixed with the perturbers.
Doppler-free two-photon absorption spectroscopy was applied to study highly-excited D states of Rb atoms. Using a cw dye laser as an excitation source, transitions from the ground 5S state to nd 2D states (n=11-32) were observed, the ionization energy of the highest state being only 117cm-1. These D doublets are not inverted. The fine structure splittings of these states do not vary as (neff) -3, nor as n-3. The isotope shift of the 85Rb, 87Rb ground states is found to be 160±12MHz. No pressure broadening was observed for these transitions within the instrumental resolution of 15 MHz.
The highly excited even levels of the lutetium atom are studied by two-step resonance ionisation spectroscopy. Four Rydberg series, 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 (n=17-76), 6s 2 nd 2 D 3/2 (n=14-105), 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 (n=19-87) and 6s 2 ng 2 G 9/2 (n=21-61), are measured and analysed. A very weak perturbation from an unassigned J= 3 / 2 even valence level is observed around 6s 2 52d 2 D 3/2 as a dip of ion signals induced by a decrease of radiative lifetimes in the perturbed Rydberg states. Small dips observed in nearby 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 and 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 Rydberg states are interpreted as the influence of the quadrupole hyperfine interaction of 175 Lu (I= 7 / 2 ).