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Journal de physique

Very high resolution study of high Rydberg levels of the configurations 4f14 6snd of Yb I

L. Barbier, R.-J. Champeau

Published Jan 1, 1980• 30 citations
Publisher

Abstract

High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series 4f$^{14}$ 6$sn$d were populated from the metastable 4f$^{14}$ 6s 6p $^3$P$_o$ level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields $F_c$ of the levels 4f$^{14}$ 6$sn$d $^3$D$_1$ (24 ≤ n ≤ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law ($F_c$ = (16 $n^{*4}$)$^{-1}$). The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest $n$ values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited ($n$d) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for $n$ = 26 was demonstrated.

DOI
10.1051/jphys:01980004109094700

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Étude des niveaux de Rydberg de la série 4f14 6s nd de l'ytterbium. Mesure des champs critiques d'ionisation. Analyse expérimentale et théorique des structures hyperfines.

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High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series4f14 6snd were populated from the metastable 4f14 6s 6p 3Po level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields Fc of the levels 4f14 6snd 3D1 (24 ~ n ~ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (Fc = (16 n*4)^-1).The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest n values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for n = 26 was demonstrated.

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High-resolution studies on bound odd-parity Rydberg states in Ba I

E. R. Eliel, W. Hogervorst

A study of the detailed structure of the bound odd-parity Rydberg states of barium has been undertaken using a cw dye laser in combination with an atomic beam. Special attention has been paid to the $6snf$ configurations, of which the hyperfine structure has been analyzed in terms of a small set of parameters. In addition to an effective Slater-exchange integral, an effective spin-orbit interaction, and a contact hyperfine parameter, a new parameter representing two-body magnetic effects, has been introduced. The introduction of this new parameter is discussed in some detail. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental hyperfine energies is achieved in this way.

Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1983•22 citations
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd were populated from the metastable 4f14^{14}14 6s 6p 3^33Po_oo​ level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields FcF_cFc​ of the levels 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd 3^33D1_11​ (24 ≤ n ≤ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (FcF_cFc​ = (16 n∗4n^{*4}n∗4)−1^{-1}−1). The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest nnn values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nnnd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for nnn = 26 was demonstrated.
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series4f14 6snd were populated from the metastable 4f14 6s 6p 3Po level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields Fc of the levels 4f14 6snd 3D1 (24 ~ n ~ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (Fc = (16 n*4)^-1).The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest n values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for n = 26 was demonstrated.
This paper summarizes a long series of experiments that have been done on Rydberg states of Rb. The basic experimental technique that has been used is atomic-beam laser spectroscopy which allows both low-resolution and high-resolution studies. Excitation of Rydberg states is provided by single-photon absorption from a suitably frequency-doubled rhodamine 6G6G6G tunable laser. Detection is done by field ionization and ion counting. These techniques have allowed us to study the critical ionizing field, which has been found to follow classical, hydrogenic behavior closely. Rydberg states of Rb have been observed from n=28n=28n=28 up to n>100n>100n>100. High-resolution spectroscopic studies have led to measurement of the fine structure for np\mathrm{np}np levels located between n=28n=28n=28 and n=60n=60n=60, as well as the isotope shift of the ground state, $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\nu}=(172\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15)$ MHz. Anomalies in the intensity ratio of the doublet $5s\ensuremath{-}np$ transitions have been observed and interpreted as relativistic effects. Perturbations by weak and strong dc electric field are reported. In the case of weak electric fields it is possible to evaluate the polarizability. In the case of strong dc electric fields, new phenomena have been observed and analyzed. We also find experimental evidence of selective photoionization in the presence of an appropriate dc electric field, which could have some applications in laser isotope separation. Finally, we give the preliminary results of an experiment on the effect of a strong nonresonant electromagnetic field on high-lying Rydberg states.
We report the first observation of hyperfine structure and isotope shift in autoionizing states. This structure was investigated in the $5{d}_{\frac{3}{2}}\mathrm{nf} J=4,5(n=36\ensuremath{-}40)$ barium Rydberg series, excited from the recently localized metastable $5{d}^{2}^{1}G_{4}$ level. An isotope-selective detection method was used in a cw laser spectroscopic experiment on a collimated atomic beam. The experimental data provide valuable additional information for the analyses of these doubly excited series.
Odd-parity barium Rydberg states have been populated by stepwise excitation via M1-E1 and E2-E1 transitions, starting from the 6s2 1S0 ground state. Using two cw dye ring lasers and employing thermionic detection, Doppler-free spectra of 6snp 1,3P and 6snf 1,3F Rydberg states have been recorded with excellent signal/noise ratios. A systematic study of the hyperfine structure of 6snp 1P1 Rydberg states has been carried out. Between n=20 and n=23 a resonance in singlet-triplet mixing occurs caused by configuration interaction with the 5d8p 1P1 perturbing state, located close to the first ionization limit. Our results are in disagreement with an existing multichannel quantum defect analysis of this series. The singlet-triplet mixing of 6snp 1P1 and 6snd 1D2 Rydberg series is compared.
A study of the detailed structure of the bound odd-parity Rydberg states of barium has been undertaken using a cw dye laser in combination with an atomic beam. Special attention has been paid to the 6snf6snf6snf configurations, of which the hyperfine structure has been analyzed in terms of a small set of parameters. In addition to an effective Slater-exchange integral, an effective spin-orbit interaction, and a contact hyperfine parameter, a new parameter representing two-body magnetic effects, has been introduced. The introduction of this new parameter is discussed in some detail. Good agreement between the calculated and experimental hyperfine energies is achieved in this way.