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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Highly excited even Rydberg series of Lu I studied by two-step laser photoionisation spectroscopy

H. Maeda, Yoshihiro MIZUGAI, Yoshiteru Matsumoto, Akihiro Suzuki, A Takami

Published Sep 28, 1989• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The highly excited even levels of the lutetium atom are studied by two-step resonance ionisation spectroscopy. Four Rydberg series, 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 (n=17-76), 6s 2 nd 2 D 3/2 (n=14-105), 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 (n=19-87) and 6s 2 ng 2 G 9/2 (n=21-61), are measured and analysed. A very weak perturbation from an unassigned J= 3 / 2 even valence level is observed around 6s 2 52d 2 D 3/2 as a dip of ion signals induced by a decrease of radiative lifetimes in the perturbed Rydberg states. Small dips observed in nearby 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 and 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 Rydberg states are interpreted as the influence of the quadrupole hyperfine interaction of 175 Lu (I= 7 / 2 ).

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/22/18/002

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 28, 1992•0 citations
The highly excited even levels of the lutetium atom are studied by two-step resonance ionisation spectroscopy. Four Rydberg series, 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 (n=17-76), 6s 2 nd 2 D 3/2 (n=14-105), 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 (n=19-87) and 6s 2 ng 2 G 9/2 (n=21-61), are measured and analysed. A very weak perturbation from an unassigned J= 3 / 2 even valence level is observed around 6s 2 52d 2 D 3/2 as a dip of ion signals induced by a decrease of radiative lifetimes in the perturbed Rydberg states. Small dips observed in nearby 6s 2 ns 2 S 1/2 and 6s 2 nd 2 D 5/2 Rydberg states are interpreted as the influence of the quadrupole hyperfine interaction of 175 Lu (I= 7 / 2 ).
A very weak perturbation around the 6${\mathit{s}}^{2}$52d 2^{2}2D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ high Rydberg series of Lu has been studied. A line-intensity distribution of the 6s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2nd 2^{2}2D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ optical transitions exhibits a well-developed Beutler-Fano interference profile with a significant decrease of the radiative lifetime by the configuration interaction. An accurate energy-level structure of the perturbed series is determined by measuring microwave two-photon transitions among the 6s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2nd2{\mathit{nd}}^{2}nd2D3/2{\mathit{D}}_{3/2}D3/2​ series. The optical line-intensity profiles are analyzed directly by using the eigenfunctions of the perturbed Rydberg series derived from the microwave data. The results are compared with those obtained by the configuration-interaction theory developed by Fano [Phys. Rev. 124, 1866 (1961)].
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series4f14 6snd were populated from the metastable 4f14 6s 6p 3Po level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields Fc of the levels 4f14 6snd 3D1 (24 ~ n ~ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (Fc = (16 n*4)^-1).The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest n values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for n = 26 was demonstrated.
High Rydberg levels of ytterbium were studied in a beam of metastable atoms. Levels of the series 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd were populated from the metastable 4f14^{14}14 6s 6p 3^33Po_oo​ level by means of the U.V. light of a frequency-doubled single-mode dye laser and detected using the field ionization technique. The critical ionization fields FcF_cFc​ of the levels 4f14^{14}14 6snsnsnd 3^33D1_11​ (24 ≤ n ≤ 57) were measured and found to obey the saddle point law (FcF_cFc​ = (16 n∗4n^{*4}n∗4)−1^{-1}−1). The hyperfine structures of the odd isotopes were investigated. They are very peculiar due to the fact that the hyperfine interaction is of the same order of magnitude as (or even for the highest nnn values, much more important than) the spin-orbit and electrostatic interactions. A theoretical account of the observed structures using the Slater-Condon parametric method is given. The relative influence of the excited (nnnd) and of the non-excited (6s) optical electron could thus be studied. Furthermore the influence of a valence level perturbing only the odd isotopes components for nnn = 26 was demonstrated.
Using three-step laser excitation in an atomic beam and a time-resolved spectroscopy technique, we measured both the lifetimes of the Rydberg levels of Yb i belonging to the perturbed series 6nsp 3^{3}3P2{\mathit{P}}_{2}P2​ and the lifetimes of the perturbing 4${\mathit{f}}^{13}555{\mathit{d}}^{2}$6s 3^{3}3P2{\mathit{P}}_{2}P2​,1{,}^{1},1D2{\mathit{D}}_{2}D2​ levels. An expected shortening has been observed for the lifetimes of those levels which are strongly mixed with the perturbers.
A very weak perturbation around the 6s252d 2D3/2 high Rydberg series of Lu has been studied. An intensity distribution of the optical spectrum around the perturber exhibits well developed Fano profile with significant decrease of radiative life time by the perturbation. Microwave two-photon transitions among the 6s2nd 2D3/2 series are measured to determine the accurate energy level structure of the perturbed series. Analysis of the microwave spectrum as well as the intensity profile and its delay-time dependence has led to the determination of accurate spectroscopic parameters.