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Acta Optica Sinica

Two-photon spectra of neutral Barium in high-lying states

Dong-Sheng Ding

Published Jan 1, 1985• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Barium atoms pumped by a dye laser can absorb two photons and transit to high-lying states. By using a heat diode to detect ionization signals, we obtained three even-parity Rydberg series 6 ns 1S0(n=11～46), 6snd 1D2(n =9～60) and 6snd3D2 (n=10～28), as well as five perturbing levels 5d833D2, 5d83, 5d8s 1d2,5d7d 3F2, 5d7d3 P0 and 5d7d 1D2. The Lu-Fano plot is used in our discussion.

Related papers

Two-photon spectra of Rydberg states of alkaline-earth atoms (strontium and barium)

G. Philip

The even-parity spectra of strontium and barium are very complex due to strong perturbation by several doubly excited configurations and this also increases discrepancies between theory and experiment in accurate level assignment and energy level and atomic structure data, particularly for the spectra of highly excited atoms and their behaviour in external fields and collisional processes which are of fundamental importance in the emerging applications in physics of cold atoms, quantum computing, precision atomic clocks and in the crossed-field problem. This thesis presents results from an experimental study to improve and extend the previously published observations in the two-photon spectra of the high-lying Rydberg states of SrI and Bal placed under a variety of test conditions such as external fields, collisions etc. Orthogonal excitation of a novel atomic jet in a purpose-built heat-pipe setup using a Xenon Chloride excimer laser pumped tunable narrow bandwidth dye laser and high sensitivity space-charge ionization in thermionic diode with complimentary optical detection was used for measurements. Presented are the two-photon spectra covering the dye laser wavelength (air) range of 460 - 425 nm for strontium and 495 - 467 nm for barium by which the J = 0,2 even-parity Rydberg series and autoionizing resonances just above the ionization limits labeled as; (4d2+5p2) 1D2 in strontium and 5d5f2p1 in barium were observed. Original new energy level values are presented with substantial extension to the data in the literature for even-parity Rydberg series: Sr I: 5sns 1S0 (12 < n < 46), 5snd 3D2 (9 < n < 47) and 5snd 1D2 (9 < n < 82) Ba I: 6sns 1S0 (13 < n < 68), 6snd 3D2 (11 < n < 46) and 6snd 1D2 (11 < n < 88) New observation of certain anomalies including a Stark shift reversal effect and zero-field thermionic diode detection with remarkable sensitivity preserving all spectral features of Rydberg states is also presented. Controlled configuration mixing by exploiting electric field and collisions has allowed new observations for the two-photon forbidden odd-parity Rydberg series of SrI: 5s2 1S0 -> 5snp 1P1o (32 < n < 46) and 5s2 1S0 -> 5snf 1F30 (29 < n < 44) Extensive study of collision involving Rydberg atoms with neutral rare gas atoms has allowed to obtain new data for shift and broadening rates for Sr I series: 5sns 1S0 and 5snd 1,3D2 in the perturbed region which clearly exhibit Ramsauer effect. Collisional evolution of a remarkably broad resonance, labeled as 4d2 1G4, also exhibiting Ramsauer effect, is presented besides new level data for strontium 4d2 3PJ states accessed by two distinct processes- direct two-photon excitation and single-photon sequential excitation. Furthermore, the thesis presents the results of a novel experimental technique involving time-resolved gated pulsed field detection technique (GPT) employed for the first time to examine the time decay of Rydberg atoms yielding their effective lifetimes.

•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

Shifts and broadenings of barium Rydberg states perturbed by inert gases

M. Marafi, Z Suji, K. S. Bhatia +2 more

Collisional broadening and shift data for even parity states of neutral barium are presented. A two-photon absorption technique is used to populate Rydberg states of n d 1 D 2 , 3 D 2 and 1 S 0 series. High-resolution Ba excitation spectra were measured using a diode detector while scanning the frequency of an excimer pumped dye laser. Inert gases Ar, Kr and Xe were used as perturbers at pressures ranging from 10 mb to 400 mb. Shifts and broadenings of spectral lines were measured as a function of pressure and principal quantum number n . Several perturbations and deviations from expected results are discussed in this paper.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 19, 2007•7 citations

Collisional shifts and broadenings of doubly excited states of barium

M. Marafi, Z Suji, K. S. Bhatia +1 more

Shift and broadening parameters for doubly excited states of 5d6d, 5d7d, 5d7s, 5d8s and 6p 2 configurations in neutral barium atoms are presented. A tunable dye laser pumped by an excimer laser was used to populate the Rydberg states of Ba by two-photon absorption from the 6s 2 1 S 0 ground state. Inert gases Ar, Kr and Xe at 100 mbar pressure were used as perturbing gases. The resulting line shapes were fitted to a Voigt line shape function, from which shift and broadening parameters were inferred.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 1, 2008•7 citations

HIGH RESOLUTION LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF ODD-PARITY BARIUM RYDBERG STATES POPULATED BY FORBIDDEN ATOMIC TRANSITIONS

Herbert H. Rinneberg, Jörg Neukammer

Odd-parity barium Rydberg states have been populated by stepwise excitation via M1-E1 and E2-E1 transitions, starting from the 6s2 1S0 ground state. Using two cw dye ring lasers and employing thermionic detection, Doppler-free spectra of 6snp 1,3P and 6snf 1,3F Rydberg states have been recorded with excellent signal/noise ratios. A systematic study of the hyperfine structure of 6snp 1P1 Rydberg states has been carried out. Between n=20 and n=23 a resonance in singlet-triplet mixing occurs caused by configuration interaction with the 5d8p 1P1 perturbing state, located close to the first ionization limit. Our results are in disagreement with an existing multichannel quantum defect analysis of this series. The singlet-triplet mixing of 6snp 1P1 and 6snd 1D2 Rydberg series is compared.

Le Journal de Physique Colloques•Nov 1, 1983•6 citations

OBSERVATION OF THE 5dnl EVEN DOUBLY-EXCITED STATES IN NEUTRAL BARIUM USING TWO-STEP OPTOGALVANIC SPECTROSCOPY

Pierre Camus, M. Dieulin, A. El Himdy

Even parity levels of neutral barium above the 6s ionization limit have been investigated by using a two-step pulsed laser excitation associated with optogalvanic detection of the optical resonances. From the metastable states, 5d6s, populated by a d.c. discharge in a heat-pipe vapour, the doubly excited 5dnl Rydberg series with J values ranging from 0 to 5 and the 6p2 1S0 levels have been observed in the continuum between the first 6s and the second 5d ionization limits of Ba I.

Le Journal de Physique Colloques•Nov 1, 1983•0 citations

Optical-optical double resonance in barium

Jörg Neukammer, Herbert H. Rinneberg

Using two CW dye lasers barium Rydberg states were populated by stepwise two-photon absorption via the 6s6p 1 P 1 intermediate level. Monitoring the transmission of the first laser beam, tuned to the resonance line, and scanning the second laser across the upper atomic transition, a greatly enhanced signal was observed. Taking optical pumping into account, a simple rate equation model can quantitatively describe the increase in sensitivity. This technique was applied to measure the hyperfine structure of the 6s15d 1 D 2 Rydberg state in barium.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Sep 4, 1982•12 citations
Barium atoms pumped by a dye laser can absorb two photons and transit to high-lying states. By using a heat diode to detect ionization signals, we obtained three even-parity Rydberg series 6 ns 1S0(n=11～46), 6snd 1D2(n =9～60) and 6snd3D2 (n=10～28), as well as five perturbing levels 5d833D2, 5d83, 5d8s 1d2,5d7d 3F2, 5d7d3 P0 and 5d7d 1D2. The Lu-Fano plot is used in our discussion.
The even-parity spectra of strontium and barium are very complex due to strong perturbation by several doubly excited configurations and this also increases discrepancies between theory and experiment in accurate level assignment and energy level and atomic structure data, particularly for the spectra of highly excited atoms and their behaviour in external fields and collisional processes which are of fundamental importance in the emerging applications in physics of cold atoms, quantum computing, precision atomic clocks and in the crossed-field problem. This thesis presents results from an experimental study to improve and extend the previously published observations in the two-photon spectra of the high-lying Rydberg states of SrI and Bal placed under a variety of test conditions such as external fields, collisions etc. Orthogonal excitation of a novel atomic jet in a purpose-built heat-pipe setup using a Xenon Chloride excimer laser pumped tunable narrow bandwidth dye laser and high sensitivity space-charge ionization in thermionic diode with complimentary optical detection was used for measurements. Presented are the two-photon spectra covering the dye laser wavelength (air) range of 460 - 425 nm for strontium and 495 - 467 nm for barium by which the J = 0,2 even-parity Rydberg series and autoionizing resonances just above the ionization limits labeled as; (4d2+5p2) 1D2 in strontium and 5d5f2p1 in barium were observed. Original new energy level values are presented with substantial extension to the data in the literature for even-parity Rydberg series: Sr I: 5sns 1S0 (12 < n < 46), 5snd 3D2 (9 < n < 47) and 5snd 1D2 (9 < n < 82) Ba I: 6sns 1S0 (13 < n < 68), 6snd 3D2 (11 < n < 46) and 6snd 1D2 (11 < n < 88) New observation of certain anomalies including a Stark shift reversal effect and zero-field thermionic diode detection with remarkable sensitivity preserving all spectral features of Rydberg states is also presented. Controlled configuration mixing by exploiting electric field and collisions has allowed new observations for the two-photon forbidden odd-parity Rydberg series of SrI: 5s2 1S0 -> 5snp 1P1o (32 < n < 46) and 5s2 1S0 -> 5snf 1F30 (29 < n < 44) Extensive study of collision involving Rydberg atoms with neutral rare gas atoms has allowed to obtain new data for shift and broadening rates for Sr I series: 5sns 1S0 and 5snd 1,3D2 in the perturbed region which clearly exhibit Ramsauer effect. Collisional evolution of a remarkably broad resonance, labeled as 4d2 1G4, also exhibiting Ramsauer effect, is presented besides new level data for strontium 4d2 3PJ states accessed by two distinct processes- direct two-photon excitation and single-photon sequential excitation. Furthermore, the thesis presents the results of a novel experimental technique involving time-resolved gated pulsed field detection technique (GPT) employed for the first time to examine the time decay of Rydberg atoms yielding their effective lifetimes.
Collisional broadening and shift data for even parity states of neutral barium are presented. A two-photon absorption technique is used to populate Rydberg states of n d 1 D 2 , 3 D 2 and 1 S 0 series. High-resolution Ba excitation spectra were measured using a diode detector while scanning the frequency of an excimer pumped dye laser. Inert gases Ar, Kr and Xe were used as perturbers at pressures ranging from 10 mb to 400 mb. Shifts and broadenings of spectral lines were measured as a function of pressure and principal quantum number n . Several perturbations and deviations from expected results are discussed in this paper.
Shift and broadening parameters for doubly excited states of 5d6d, 5d7d, 5d7s, 5d8s and 6p 2 configurations in neutral barium atoms are presented. A tunable dye laser pumped by an excimer laser was used to populate the Rydberg states of Ba by two-photon absorption from the 6s 2 1 S 0 ground state. Inert gases Ar, Kr and Xe at 100 mbar pressure were used as perturbing gases. The resulting line shapes were fitted to a Voigt line shape function, from which shift and broadening parameters were inferred.
Odd-parity barium Rydberg states have been populated by stepwise excitation via M1-E1 and E2-E1 transitions, starting from the 6s2 1S0 ground state. Using two cw dye ring lasers and employing thermionic detection, Doppler-free spectra of 6snp 1,3P and 6snf 1,3F Rydberg states have been recorded with excellent signal/noise ratios. A systematic study of the hyperfine structure of 6snp 1P1 Rydberg states has been carried out. Between n=20 and n=23 a resonance in singlet-triplet mixing occurs caused by configuration interaction with the 5d8p 1P1 perturbing state, located close to the first ionization limit. Our results are in disagreement with an existing multichannel quantum defect analysis of this series. The singlet-triplet mixing of 6snp 1P1 and 6snd 1D2 Rydberg series is compared.
Using two CW dye lasers barium Rydberg states were populated by stepwise two-photon absorption via the 6s6p 1 P 1 intermediate level. Monitoring the transmission of the first laser beam, tuned to the resonance line, and scanning the second laser across the upper atomic transition, a greatly enhanced signal was observed. Taking optical pumping into account, a simple rate equation model can quantitatively describe the increase in sensitivity. This technique was applied to measure the hyperfine structure of the 6s15d 1 D 2 Rydberg state in barium.