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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

Higher order frequency shifts in a Sr optical lattice clock

Rodolphe Le Targat, X. Brusch, Xavier Baillard, Mathilde Fouché, P. Lemonde

Published Jan 1, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We experimentally study higher order frequency shifts due to the lattice in a87Sr optical lattice clock. We show that this effect will not limit the fractional accuracy of the clock at the 10–18 level.
DOI
10.1109/cleo.2006.4627841

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We report the observation of a higher-order frequency shift due to the trapping field in a (87)Sr optical lattice clock. We show that, at the magic wavelength of the lattice, where the first-order term cancels, the higher-order shift will not constitute a limitation to the fractional accuracy of the clock at a level of 10(-18). This result is achieved by operating the clock at very high trapping intensity up to 400 kW/cm(2) and by a specific study of the effect of the two two-photon transitions near the magic wavelength.
The development of optical frequency standards with a relative uncertainty of reproducing the time and frequency units at a level as low as 10 −17 –10 −18 calls for an unprecedented accuracy in estimating the role of higher orders of optical nonlinearity, caused by the influence of the optical lattice on the frequency shift of the 'clock transition'. This paper presents a systematic calculation of the contributions of multipole nonlinear anharmonic effects to the error of clocks based on optical lattices for alkaline-earth-like Sr, Yb, and Hg atoms.
The authors report the observation of the hyperpolarizability frequency shift due to the trapping field in a87Sr optical lattice clock. The authors show that at the magic wavelength of the lattice, where the first order term cancels, this higher order shift will not constitute a limitation to the fractional accuracy of the clock down to the 10-18level. This result is achieved by operating the clock at very high trapping intensity up to 400 kW/cm2and by a specific study of the effect of the two two-photon transitions near the magic wavelength. The authors also report an accurate frequency measurement of the clock transition. The frequency is determined to be v1S0-3P0= 429 228 004 229 879 (5) Hz with a fractional uncertainty that is comparable to state-of-the-art optical clocks with neutral atoms in free fall
We present a comprehensive study of the frequency shifts associated with the lattice potential in a Sr lattice clock by comparing two such clocks with a frequency stability reaching 5×10(-17) after a 1 h integration time. We put the first experimental upper bound on the multipolar M1 and E2 interactions, significantly smaller than the recently predicted theoretical upper limit, and give a 30-fold improved upper limit on the effect of hyperpolarizability. Finally, we report on the first observation of the vector and tensor shifts in a Sr lattice clock. Combining these measurements, we show that all known lattice related perturbations will not affect the clock accuracy down to the 10(-17) level, even for lattices as deep as 150 recoil energies.