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Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)

Supression of collisional frequency shifts in an optical lattice clock

Matthew D. Swallows, Michael Bishof, Yige Lin, Sebastian Blatt, Michael J. Martin, Ana María Rey, Jun Ye

Published May 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

By strongly confining atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice, we have suppressed collisional frequency shifts in a87Sr optical lattice clock.
DOI
10.1109/fcs.2011.5977277

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Suppression of collisional shifts via strong inter-atomic interactions in a 87^{87}87Sr optical lattice clock
Optical lattice clocks with extremely stable frequency are possible when many atoms are interrogated simultaneously, but this precision may come at the cost of systematic inaccuracy resulting from atomic interactions. Density-dependent frequency shifts can occur even in a clock that uses fermionic atoms if they are subject to inhomogeneous optical excitation. However, sufficiently strong interactions can suppress collisional shifts in lattice sites containing more than one atom. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach with a strontium lattice clock by reducing both the collisional frequency shift and its uncertainty to the level of 10(-17). This result eliminates the compromise between precision and accuracy in a many-particle system; both will continue to improve as the number of particles increases.
We study the influence of ultracold collisions induced by the inhomogeneous excitation on the clock-transition frequency in one- and two-dimensional shallow blue-detuned (BD) 87{}^{87}87Sr optical lattice clocks with a magic wavelength of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{b}=389.889$ nm. The minimal lattice potential required to tightly confine atoms in each single lattice site is much larger than that required for a red-detuned (RD) lattice operating at ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{r}=813.4$ nm because of the relatively smaller magic wavelength. For a deep optical lattice, the two-body interactions of atoms in a single lattice site mainly contribute to the clock-transition frequency shift, while the intersite collisions primarily affect the collisional shift in a shallow optical lattice. For an effective misalignment angle $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\sim}10$ mrad of the probe beam with respect to the lattice axis, the fractional collisional shifts in both one- and two-dimensional BD lattices are at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ level.
We report the observation of resolved atomic interaction sidebands (ISB) in the (87)Sr optical clock transition when atoms at microkelvin temperatures are confined in a two-dimensional optical lattice. The ISB are a manifestation of the strong interactions that occur between atoms confined in a quasi-one-dimensional geometry and disappear when the confinement is relaxed along one dimension. The emergence of ISB is linked to the recently observed suppression of collisional frequency shifts. At the current temperatures, the ISB can be resolved but are broad. At lower temperatures, ISB are predicted to be substantially narrower and useful spectroscopic tools in strongly interacting alkaline-earth gases.