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Frontiers in Optics

Optical clock with lattice-confined Sr atoms

Jun Ye

Published Jan 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We will discuss the latest development of an accurate optical atomic clock using ultracold Sr atoms confined in a magic wavelength optical lattice, focusing on the progress in the control of collisional frequency shift.
DOI
10.1364/ls.2010.lwb2

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To date, optical clocks based on singly trapped ions and ultracold neutral atoms trapped in the Stark-shift-free optical lattices are regarded as promising candidates for future atomic clocks. Since 2006, “optical lattice clocks” have been evaluated close to the Cs clocks' uncertainty limit internationally. One of the essential experimental challenges in the development of “optical lattice clocks” is to find out the better lattice geometries as well as interrogated atom species (including their quantum statistics) that bring out the potential performance of the clock scheme, taking into account the collisional frequency shift, the Black body radiation (BBR) shift, the atomic multipolar and hyperpolarizability effects.
We study the influence of ultracold collisions induced by the inhomogeneous excitation on the clock-transition frequency in one- and two-dimensional shallow blue-detuned (BD) 87{}^{87}87Sr optical lattice clocks with a magic wavelength of ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{b}=389.889$ nm. The minimal lattice potential required to tightly confine atoms in each single lattice site is much larger than that required for a red-detuned (RD) lattice operating at ${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{r}=813.4$ nm because of the relatively smaller magic wavelength. For a deep optical lattice, the two-body interactions of atoms in a single lattice site mainly contribute to the clock-transition frequency shift, while the intersite collisions primarily affect the collisional shift in a shallow optical lattice. For an effective misalignment angle $\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\theta}\ensuremath{\sim}10$ mrad of the probe beam with respect to the lattice axis, the fractional collisional shifts in both one- and two-dimensional BD lattices are at the ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ level.
We develop a formalism to incorporate exchange symmetry considerations into the calculation of collisional frequency shifts for atomic clocks using a density-matrix formalism. The formalism is developed for both fermionic and bosonic atomic clocks. Numerical results for a finite-temperature 87{}^{87}87Sr 1S0{}^{1}{S}_{0}1S0​ (F=9/2F=9/2F=9/2) atomic clock in a magic wavelength optical lattice are presented.