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Optics Express

Green bright squeezed light from a cw periodically poled KTP second harmonic generator

Ulrik L. Andersen, Preben Buchhave

Published Aug 26, 2002• 12 citations

Abstract

We present the experimental observation of bright amplitude squeezed light from a singly resonant second harmonic generator (SHG) based on a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal. Contrary to conventional SHG, the interacting waves in this device couple efficiently using quasi phase matching (QPM) and more importantly QPM allows access to higher valued elements of the nonlinear tensor than is possible under the constraint of birefringence phase matching. We observe a noise reduction of 13% below the shot noise limit in the generated second harmonic field. This noise reduction is greater than what could be expected using normal birefringence phase matched KTP with the same experimental parameters. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory is found.

DOI: 10.1364/oe.10.000887

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We present the experimental observation of bright amplitude squeezed light from a singly resonant second harmonic generator (SHG) based on a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) crystal. Contrary to conventional SHG, the interacting waves in this device couple efficiently using quasi phase matching (QPM) and more importantly QPM allows access to higher valued elements of the nonlinear tensor than is possible under the constraint of birefringence phase matching. We observe a noise reduction of 13% below the shot noise limit in the generated second harmonic field. This noise reduction is greater than what could be expected using normal birefringence phase matched KTP with the same experimental parameters. Excellent agreement between experiment and theory is found.

We demonstrate experimentally the short pulse amplitude squeezed light from a singly resonant synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO). The SPOPO operates in the frequency degenerate case and below threshold, with using a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal. The pump laser is the second harmonic of a ultrashort mode-locked femtosecond pulse at 850 nm. The reduction of quantum noise of 2.58 dB is obtained experimentally. The squeezing extent is deduced to be 4.48 dB.

In this experiment we use periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) as the nonlinear crystal in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) for the generation of squeezed light on the D1 line of rubidium which lies at 795 nm. Although OPOs have long been used as sources of squeezed light, the shorter wavelengths required for atomic interactions have always been a challenge due to a limited choice of nonlinear crystals. PPKTP is a new material that has recently been shown to be highly effective over a very wide range of optical frequencies (Akamatsu, 2006).

The efficient generation of second-harmonic light and squeezed light requires non-linear crystals that have low absorption at the fundamental and harmonic wavelengths. In this work the photo-thermal self-phase modulation technique is exploited to measure the absorption coefficient of periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) at 1,550 nm and 775 nm. The measurement results are (84±40) ppm/cm and (127±24) ppm/cm, respectively. We conclude that the performance of state-of-the-art frequency doubling and squeezed light generation in PPKTP is not limited by absorption.