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Physical Review B

Electromagnetically induced transparency and slow light in an array of metallic nanoparticles

Vassilios Yannopapas, Emmanuel Paspalakis, Nikolay V. Vitanov

Published Jul 1, 2009• 193 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency occurring when light is absorbed by a two-dimensional lattice of metallic spheres mounted on an asymmetric dielectric waveguide. The transparency is manifested as a spectral hole within the surface-plasmon absorption peak of the metallic spheres and is a result of destructive interference of the waveguide modes with incident radiation. The presence of transparency windows is accompanied by slow light effect wherein the group velocity is reduced by a factor of 6000. At the same time, the minimum length for storing a bit of information is of the order of 100 nm. The proposed setup is a much easier means to achieve transparency and slow light compared to existing atomic, solid-state, and photonic systems and allows for the realization of ultracompact optical delay lines and buffers.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.80.035104

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We present a classical analog of electromagnetically induced transparency occurring when light is absorbed by a two-dimensional lattice of metallic spheres mounted on an asymmetric dielectric waveguide. The transparency is manifested as a spectral hole within the surface-plasmon absorption peak of the metallic spheres and is a result of destructive interference of the waveguide modes with incident radiation. The presence of transparency windows is accompanied by slow light effect wherein the group velocity is reduced by a factor of 6000. At the same time, the minimum length for storing a bit of information is of the order of 100 nm. The proposed setup is a much easier means to achieve transparency and slow light compared to existing atomic, solid-state, and photonic systems and allows for the realization of ultracompact optical delay lines and buffers.
We have studied the electromagnetically induced transparency for a two level ensemble interacting with two orthogonal optical modes. We have made a approach for a multimode silicon waveguide coupled to a plasmonic resonator array. We have shown that a simple periodic ensemble of resonant metal nanoparticles within a dielectric waveguide supported a transparent waveguide plasmon polariton mode for guided slow light propagation. Such systems inhert the strongly dispersive properties of the nanoparticles embedded in the waveguide but do not succumb to the associated absorptive losses by utilizing the system’s transparency Light propagation through the system provided extremely strong dispersion from the resonators, but suffers very low propagation loss by exploiting the system’s transparency. Dispersion is controllable by tuning the coupling strength of localized plasmon and waveguide modes. We have found that atomic electromagnetically induced transparency occurred for a non zero pump field allowing mutual coupling of all states and induced destructive quantum interference of the probe field’s absorption via the transition. The obtained results were found in good agreement with previously obtained results.
Quantum optics of metallic photonic crystals is studied in this paper. Crystals are made from metallic spheres and a background dielectric material. The refractive index of the metallic spheres depends on the frequencies of the incident light and plasmons whereas the refractive index of the background material is a constant. Crystals are lightly doped with four-level nanoparticles. It is considered that nanoparticles are interacting with the metallic crystals via electron-photon interaction in the dipole approximation. The probe and pump laser fields are applied to monitor the absorption spectrum in the system. Two transparent states are predicted. One is due to the electromagnetically induced transparency and the other is due to the electron-photon interaction. For certain experimental conditions these transparent states merge into one transparent state. The effect of plasmon frequencies has also been studied. It is found that the system can be switched from a transparent state to an absorbing state just by changing the frequency of plasmons. This study can be used to makes new types of optical devices such as switches and optical transistors.
We investigate numerically an analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in an all-dielectric metamaterial-waveguide (ADMW) that consists of a two-dimensional silicon rod array on quartz slab waveguide. The EIT-like response is achieved by the destructive interference between a broad magnetic resonance and a narrow guide mode resonance. By tailoring the guided mode through the thickness of the slab waveguide or the lattice period of the metamaterial, an EIT-like transmission window is achieved with both high Q-factor (>104) and high transmission (>94%). And the group refractive index at the EIT-like resonance of the ADMW can be up to several thousands. These results demonstrate that the proposed ADMW has potential applications in low-loss slow-light based devices, bio-chemical sensing, and optical modulations.
We investigate the plasmonic analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using two adjacent graphene-based Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonators side coupling to a nanoribbon waveguide. By the coupling mode theory in time and F-P resonant model, the destructive interference from the coupling of the two F-P resonators results in the EIT-like optical response. The induced peak and width of the transparency window can be dynamically manipulated by varying the coupling distance of the two resonators, and the transparent window is easily shifted by tuning the resonator length or the chemical potential of the graphene nanoribbon. In order to verify the characteristics of slow light, the group index profile is analyzed at different coupling distances. The proposed graphene-based EIT-like system could open up new opportunities for potential applications in plasmonic slow light and optical information buffering devices.
Slow light technique has significant potential applications in many contemporary photonic device developments for integrated all-optical circuit, such as buffers, regenerators, switches and interferometers. In this paper, we present an efficient coupling mechanism of an electromagnetically induced transparency like (EIT-like) effect in an all-dielectric nano-metamaterial. This EIT-like effect is generated by destructive interference between a radiative Fabry-Perot (FP) mode and a dark waveguide (WG) mode, which is based on a combined structure of a dielectric grating and multilayer films. The dark WG mode is excited by guided mode of dielectric grating instead of radiative FP mode. In analogy to the molecular transition process, the FP mode, guided mode and WG mode are denoted by excited states of |1〉, |2〉 and |3〉. The two coupling pathways of the EIT-like effect in our metamaterial are |0〉 → |1〉 and |0〉 → |2〉 → |3〉 → |1〉, where |0〉 is the ground state. The simulated resonant wavelength of WG mode is consistent with theoretical result. We further confirm this EIT-like effect through a two-oscillator coupling analysis. We achieve a group refractive index of 913.6 by adjusting these two modes coupling of the EIT-like effect, which is useful for developing slow light device. This work provides a valuable solution to realize electromagnetically induced transparency in all-dielectric nanomaterial.
We investigated numerically the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) behavior with the maximum Q factor is up to 28000 in a metal-dielectric metamaterial. It composed of two layers, a metallic strip as bright mode stacked above a dielectric rod as another bright mode. The coherent coupling between the broad electric dipole induced by the metal strip and the narrow toroidal dipole induced by the dielectric rod leads to the destructive interference, then introduces a transparency window. Interestingly, the EIT window could be effectively influenced by varying parameters of the two layers and the thickness of middle spacer. This process can be explained by using two-particle model. Furthermore, the radiation loss is greatly suppressed within the EIT windows and the slow light effect is improved a lot. These excellent properties also provide an effective platform for the filters and sensitive chemical and biological sensors in the optical range.