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Physica status solidi. C, Conferences and critical reviews/Physica status solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics

Optical Kerr signals of GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavities for a short pulse

Ken Morita, Toshiyuki Kanbara, Shinsuke Yano, Takahiro Kitada, Toshiro Isu

Published Apr 16, 2009• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Optical Kerr signals of GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavities with various quality factor (Q) were measured by an optical pump and probe technique with ultrashort pulses. Although the light intensity is enhanced in the cavities by Q, light power is restricted by the narrower spectrum of the cavity mode than that of the input ultrashort pulse. The measured Kerr signals showed larger dependence on the quality factor than that expected by simple consideration for the field enhancement effect by cavities. It seems that the nonlinear phase shift in the cavity is enhanced by the photon life time in addition to the field enhancement. This indicates that multilayer cavities are useful for enhancement of the optical Kerr signals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

DOI
10.1002/pssc.200881522

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Abstract Optical Kerr signals of GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavities with various quality factor (Q) were measured by an optical pump and probe technique with ultrashort pulses. Although the light intensity is enhanced in the cavities by Q, light power is restricted by the narrower spectrum of the cavity mode than that of the input ultrashort pulse. The measured Kerr signals showed larger dependence on the quality factor than that expected by simple consideration for the field enhancement effect by cavities. It seems that the nonlinear phase shift in the cavity is enhanced by the photon life time in addition to the field enhancement. This indicates that multilayer cavities are useful for enhancement of the optical Kerr signals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abstract Optical Kerr response for a short‐input‐pulse of a GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavity which has a narrow cavity mode width was measured by an optical pump and probe technique. We observed a strong asymmetric temporal profile of the optical Kerr signal in the vicinity of Δt = 0. The initial rising time of the signal was 1.0 ps for Δt < 0, while the decay time was 0.25 ps for Δt > 0. The asymmetric profile of the Kerr signal was analyzed with the pulse shapes of the pump and probe pulses in the cavity. We found that the decay of the Kerr signal for Δt > 0 was faster than that of the profile explained by the pump and probe pulses. This suggests that the strong asymmetric profile of the Kerr signal was occurred by the strong phase shift due to the higher order term of the susceptibility. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The enhanced optical Kerr effect in a GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavity has been studied by numerical simulation using the self-consistent transfer matrix method. The simulated Kerr signal intensity of the cavity mode (λ∼1504 nm) markedly increases with increasing multilayer period because of the high quality factor ( Q ) of the multilayer cavity. The simulation results reveal that Kerr signal intensity increases in proportion to Q 4 , which is well explained by the enhanced nonlinear phase shift owing to (1) the large refractive index change induced by the strong internal optical field of the pump light and (2) the long photon lifetime of the probe light in the multilayer cavity.
Optical Kerr signals markedly enhanced by increasing quality (Q) factor in a GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavity have been demonstrated using time-resolved optical measurements. In the optical Kerr measurements, the spectral width of a laser pulse was well tuned to the peak of the cavity mode using the wavelength-restricted optical system. Although the Q of a 30-pair cavity is only 1.6 times larger than that of a 26-pair cavity, the optical Kerr signal intensity of the 30-pair cavity is 10 times larger than that of the 26-pair cavity. We have revealed that the optical Kerr signal of the GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavity is markedly enhanced nearly proportional to the Q 4 as a result of the enhanced nonlinear phase shift owing to the strong internal optical field and the long photon lifetime of the cavity-mode light.
Abstract This article reviews our recent work on the development of nanophotonic devices for quantum information processing. We have developed a temperature tuning technique, that allows us to independently tune photonic crystal cavities and quantum dots on the same chip. The high quality factor to mode volume ratio of such cavities leads to a strong interaction between the cavity and the quantum dot. The cavity modifies the quantum dot lifetime, which, in turn, modifies the transmission properties of the cavity. We observe that the resonant nonlinearity of the quantum dot is greatly enhanced by the recirculation of light, and leads to a giant optical nonlinearity, where single photons are able to saturate the quantum dot and modify the transmission function of the cavity. Along with these results, we review the experimental developments, which have led to the realization of the experiment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abstract We propose and analyze an effective scheme to enhance Kerr nonlinearity with a single quantum dot (QD) coupled to a gain cavity. Under the weak-excitation approximation, we derive the analytic formulas used to determine the coefficient of the nonlinear transmission by employing the perturbation technique. Using experimentally achievable parameters, we identify the conditions under which a QD gain cavity coupled system allows us to modify the linear transmission of the input probe field and enhance the Kerr nonlinearity beyond what is achievable in a QD loss cavity system. It is found that enhanced optical Kerr nonlinearity with high linear transmission rate and suppressed nonlinear absorption can be achievable even in the case of weak coupling between QD and gain cavity. The present results illustrate the potential to utilize gain cavity for enhancing optical Kerr nonlinearities and controlling the transmission of light, as well as guide the design of optical devices.
We investigate the response of photonic crystal (PC) atoms with Kerr nonlinearity to the excitation of ultrashort optical pulses. Surprisingly, it is found that PC atoms with sharp resonant peaks in frequency spectrum (or with large quality factors) can respond to ultrashort pulses very rapidly when Kerr nonlinearity is introduced. More interestingly, the response time under high-power densities can be even shorter than the duration of the pump pulse. It is revealed that the nonlinearity induced broadening of dynamical frequency spectrum is responsible for the ultrafast response time, implying the possibility of ultrafast all-optical switching.