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Physica status solidi. C, Conferences and critical reviews/Physica status solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics

Probing the interaction between a single quantum dot and a photonic crystal cavity

Ilya Fushman, Dirk Englund, Andrei Faraon, Jelena Vuckovic A

Published Jun 13, 2008• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This article reviews our recent work on the development of nanophotonic devices for quantum information processing. We have developed a temperature tuning technique, that allows us to independently tune photonic crystal cavities and quantum dots on the same chip. The high quality factor to mode volume ratio of such cavities leads to a strong interaction between the cavity and the quantum dot. The cavity modifies the quantum dot lifetime, which, in turn, modifies the transmission properties of the cavity. We observe that the resonant nonlinearity of the quantum dot is greatly enhanced by the recirculation of light, and leads to a giant optical nonlinearity, where single photons are able to saturate the quantum dot and modify the transmission function of the cavity. Along with these results, we review the experimental developments, which have led to the realization of the experiment. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

DOI
10.1002/pssc.200779289

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Abstract This report quantum mechanically analyses a system composed of a two‐level system, a single mode cavity, and free space photon modes, which are coupled to each other. The analytical solution in the intermediate regime between the strong and weak coupling regimes is successfully obtained. It is found that the emission rate reaches its maximum when the cavity photon lifetime τcav satisfy 1/τcav = 4|g |, where 2|g | is the vacuum Rabi frequency. Also, Fano resonance is shown to occur under certain conditions. These results can be useful for high‐speed single photon sources and for fundamental understanding of the interaction between a quantum dot and a cavity mode. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
We coherently probe a quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal nano-cavity by scattering of a resonant laser beam. The coupled system's response is highly nonlinear as the quantum dot saturates with nearly one photon per cavity lifetime. This system enables large amplitude and phase shifts of a signal beam via a control beam, both at single photon levels. We demonstrate photon-photon interactions with short pulses in a system that is promising for ultra-low power switches and two-qubit quantum gates.
A single semiconductor quantum dot that is strongly coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity yields optical nonlinearities at the single photon level. The promise of quantum information processing is driving developments in several different physical implementations. Photons are attractive as carriers of quantum information be-cause they can travel long distances without losing their infor-mation through interactions with their environment. However, their passive nature can be a problem in applications such as the construction of logic gates, where it is necessary for two or more photons to interact. This interaction requires a nonlinear optical medium. Particularly strong nonlinearities are achieved when photons drive an emitter near its resonance frequency, and this nonlinearity is even greater if the photon is confined near the emitter in an optical cavity.
Abstract Optical Kerr signals of GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavities with various quality factor (Q) were measured by an optical pump and probe technique with ultrashort pulses. Although the light intensity is enhanced in the cavities by Q, light power is restricted by the narrower spectrum of the cavity mode than that of the input ultrashort pulse. The measured Kerr signals showed larger dependence on the quality factor than that expected by simple consideration for the field enhancement effect by cavities. It seems that the nonlinear phase shift in the cavity is enhanced by the photon life time in addition to the field enhancement. This indicates that multilayer cavities are useful for enhancement of the optical Kerr signals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Abstract We report on non‐linear effects on the exciton ground state in a single quantum dot, driven by a strong resonant optical field. The resonant excitation is achieved by embedding the quantum dots in a waveguiding structure. Thus, the light–matter coupling is enhanced, allowing the observation of Rabi oscillations up to three periods. With increasing pulse area, a decrease of the exciton lifetime is observed leading to a very rapid damping of the oscillations amplitude. Resonant coherent control experiments show that the coherence time of the ground exciton state in a single quantum dot is fast, of the order of a few tens of picoseconds. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical nonlinearities enable photon-photon interaction and lie at the heart of several proposals for quantum information processing, quantum nondemolition measurements of photons, and optical signal processing. To date, the largest nonlinearities have been realized with single atoms and atomic ensembles. We show that a single quantum dot coupled to a photonic crystal nanocavity can facilitate controlled phase and amplitude modulation between two modes of light at the single-photon level. At larger control powers, we observed phase shifts up to pi/4 and amplitude modulation up to 50%. This was accomplished by varying the photon number in the control beam at a wavelength that was the same as that of the signal, or at a wavelength that was detuned by several quantum dot linewidths from the signal. Our results present a step toward quantum logic devices and quantum nondemolition measurements on a chip.