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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Dynamic holography of ultrashort light pulses

Valentin S. Idiatulin

Published Sep 30, 1986• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A study is made of the excitation of inhomogeneous holographic gratings by ultrashort light pulses with an arbitrary amplitude and phase modulation in a cubic nonlinear medium. The relaxation and diffusion of a pulse-induced grating is considered. The problem of diffraction of probe radiation by an inhomogeneous grating is solved using an electrodynamic theory of perturbations and also using the coupled wave approximation. It is shown that a cubic nonlinear medium may be used to store and then to retrieve uniquely a complete complex coherence function of a pulse. A simple method is proposed for the determination of the area under an exciting pulse, which makes it possible to introduce integral parameters of such a pulse (including a generalized amplitude and duration) that can serve as satisfactory estimates of the corresponding real quantities.

DOI
10.1070/qe1986v016n09abeh007371

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A study is made of the excitation of inhomogeneous holographic gratings by ultrashort light pulses with an arbitrary amplitude and phase modulation in a cubic nonlinear medium. The relaxation and diffusion of a pulse-induced grating is considered. The problem of diffraction of probe radiation by an inhomogeneous grating is solved using an electrodynamic theory of perturbations and also using the coupled wave approximation. It is shown that a cubic nonlinear medium may be used to store and then to retrieve uniquely a complete complex coherence function of a pulse. A simple method is proposed for the determination of the area under an exciting pulse, which makes it possible to introduce integral parameters of such a pulse (including a generalized amplitude and duration) that can serve as satisfactory estimates of the corresponding real quantities.
The excitation of nonuniform holographic gratings by ultrashort light pulses in nonlinear cubic media is considered. The relaxation and the diffusion of the pulse-induced grating are investigated. The diffraction problem of the induced grating is solved using both the perturbation theory and the coupled-wave approach. It is shown that the measurement of the angular or spectral distribution of the diffracted probe light makes it possible to determine the complex-valued coherence function completely for a single nonreproducible pulse. A simple method for the determination of the exciting pulse area is proposed; it allows us to deduce the integral amplitude and duration for the pulse, which can serve as a good approximation for their corresponding real values.
For the holographic recording of the wave field of an object, a pattern created by the interference of the reference wave and the wave scattered by the object is used. Traditional holography requires mutual coherence of the reference and object-related beams. However, it has been shown in this work that the holographic recording of information concerning the object under study is possible without coherence between them, even by using radiation from different sources. Such recording can be carried out by employing subcycle or unipolar radiation pulses, when a resonant medium with a large phase memory time T 2 is used as the recording medium. In this case, the medium records the interference pattern formed by the subcycle or unipolar pulse reflected from the object and the polarization wave created by the same short pulse. Coherence is ensured by a polarization wave, which interacting with radiation reflected from the object induces a population grating in such a medium. This grating mimics the interference pattern in a similar holographic process with a monochromatic source having the wavelength equal to that corresponding to the resonant transition in the medium.
We consider induced-grating autocorrelation (IGA) in a slowly responding medium and study three possible geometries (two-beam coupling, three-beam induced grating, and self-diffraction) in two different limiting cases (single-pulse experiments and many-pulse accumulated-grating experiments). We find that in five of these six cases the IGA trace is given by the squared amplitude of the electric-field correlation function, thus yielding information about the spectrum of the pulse. Theoretical expressions for the IGA trace are derived for both linearly chirped and self-phase-modulated pulses. Experiments performed with self-phase-modulated pulses are in excellent agreement with the theory. In this case we show how the measured IGA trace can be used to determine both pulse duration and pulse bandwidth.
A theoretical analysis is made of the transformation of light waves by optically induced amplitude-phase gratings of different order in a saturable absorbing medium. Allowance is made for gratings appearing; due to the absorption saturation and inhomogeneous heating of the medium. It is shown that, under certain conditions, the higher-order gratings may play a considerable role in the diffraction process. The contributions made by multistage and direct mechanisms to the n-th order diffraction are calculated. Estimates are obtained of the conditions which must be satisfied by the intensity and duration of radiation pulses, as well as by the optical properties and thickness of the absorbing medium, for these contributions to be comparable.
A theoretical analysis is made of the self-diffraction of short light pulses in an induced amplitude-phase grating in a thin layer of resonant medium. Expressions describing the amplitudes (intensities) of the diffracted beams are derived and analyzed. It is shown that the nature of the amplitude modulation of the light diffracted into small angles depends strongly on the amplitudes of the input pulses. It is demonstrated that transient self-diffraction of short pulses can be used in estimating the dipole moment of a saturable transition.