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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

On the Possibility of Holographic Recording in the Absence of Coherence between a Reference Beam and a Beam Scattered by an Object

Rostislav M. Arkhipov, Mikhail V. Arkhipov, Nikolay N. Rosanov

Published May 1, 2020• 37 citations
Publisher

Abstract

For the holographic recording of the wave field of an object, a pattern created by the interference of the reference wave and the wave scattered by the object is used. Traditional holography requires mutual coherence of the reference and object-related beams. However, it has been shown in this work that the holographic recording of information concerning the object under study is possible without coherence between them, even by using radiation from different sources. Such recording can be carried out by employing subcycle or unipolar radiation pulses, when a resonant medium with a large phase memory time T 2 is used as the recording medium. In this case, the medium records the interference pattern formed by the subcycle or unipolar pulse reflected from the object and the polarization wave created by the same short pulse. Coherence is ensured by a polarization wave, which interacting with radiation reflected from the object induces a population grating in such a medium. This grating mimics the interference pattern in a similar holographic process with a monochromatic source having the wavelength equal to that corresponding to the resonant transition in the medium.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364020090040

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For the holographic recording of the wave field of an object, a pattern created by the interference of the reference wave and the wave scattered by the object is used. Traditional holography requires mutual coherence of the reference and object-related beams. However, it has been shown in this work that the holographic recording of information concerning the object under study is possible without coherence between them, even by using radiation from different sources. Such recording can be carried out by employing subcycle or unipolar radiation pulses, when a resonant medium with a large phase memory time T 2 is used as the recording medium. In this case, the medium records the interference pattern formed by the subcycle or unipolar pulse reflected from the object and the polarization wave created by the same short pulse. Coherence is ensured by a polarization wave, which interacting with radiation reflected from the object induces a population grating in such a medium. This grating mimics the interference pattern in a similar holographic process with a monochromatic source having the wavelength equal to that corresponding to the resonant transition in the medium.
A set-theoretical method for studying information processes in resonant media with phase memory is developed. The conversion of the classical information carried by the object laser pulse into the potential (structural) quantum information of the resonant medium that takes place during the recording of a phase echo hologram is studied. It is shown that a resonant medium with phase memory stores quantum information in the form of an information-phase grating (the distribution of qubits within the inhomogeneously broadened line of a resonant transition). The temporal evolution of this grating is studied as a function of the times of reversible and irreversible relaxation of the system.
Persistent spectral hole burning [1] in conjunction with holography (PSHB) opens new prospects for high density optical information storage and processing. In the holographic approach, hole burning is carried out with two -crossed coherent laser beams which bleach out a narrow frequency domain hole in an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band recording, at the same time, a spatial holographic fringe pattern. During read out of the hologram diffraction from this spatial fringe pattern occurs, and a holographic image is reconstructed, reflecting the changes of the absorption coefficient and the refractive index introduced by the spectral hole [2].
A study is made of the excitation of inhomogeneous holographic gratings by ultrashort light pulses with an arbitrary amplitude and phase modulation in a cubic nonlinear medium. The relaxation and diffusion of a pulse-induced grating is considered. The problem of diffraction of probe radiation by an inhomogeneous grating is solved using an electrodynamic theory of perturbations and also using the coupled wave approximation. It is shown that a cubic nonlinear medium may be used to store and then to retrieve uniquely a complete complex coherence function of a pulse. A simple method is proposed for the determination of the area under an exciting pulse, which makes it possible to introduce integral parameters of such a pulse (including a generalized amplitude and duration) that can serve as satisfactory estimates of the corresponding real quantities.
The increasing interest in the study of the interaction of several resonant fields with multilevel quantum systems is due to a wide range of possible applications of various effects observed in the multi-frequency excitation of quantum objects. Among them, we can note color echo holography, information compression in three-level environments, copying of quantum information, and multi-level quantum gates that perform logical operations. In addition, the recording and reproduction of echo holograms in multi-level systems leads to the possibility, along with logical operations, to perform a change in the real-time scale and the sequence of events in the echo-hologram response, the data on which were embedded into the temporal structure of the object laser pulse. The formation of optical transient processes in multilevel systems occurs when the short laser pulses separated in time and resonant of different frequency transitions at the substance have an effect on the system, so that their interaction with each other becomes possible only through the medium and only if the medium has a sufficiently long phase memory. In this situation, each laser pulse transmits information about its wave characteristics to the medium, and this information is retained here until the arrival of the next laser pulses. The formation of optical transient processes in a multilevel system in a solid depends essentially on the degree of correlation of the inhomogeneous broadening on different frequency transitions and different time intervals, in connection with the possible destruction of the reversible phase memory of the system due to a partial mutual fixation energies of transitions. The influence of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields on the resonant medium can lead to an additional artificially created inhomogeneous broadening. In this case, it is possible to control the phase memory of the system by changing the parameters of external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields, and the most pronounced effect on phase memory is the case of laser excitation of narrow frequency regions of inhomogeneously broadened lines of the resonance transitions. Moreover, the artificially created inhomogeneous broadening by external spatially inhomogeneous electric fields due to the Stark effect can be comparable with the spread of frequencies due to a partial mutual fixation of the transition energies, which leads to a partial restoration of the coherence of the multilevel system. This effect can lead to an increase in the intensity of the response of the stimulated photon echo (SPE) in the three-level system, which is the opposite effect of photon echo locking.
The potentialities of diffraction methods for wavefront transformations may be considerably widened due to the use of nonlinear recording of dynamic holograms enabling multiwave mixing in media with the fifth and higher order nonlinearities. There is a great variety of such media including the resonant ones for which the presence of higher order nonlinearities is conditioned by the absorption saturation effect and transitions between different excited states of the molecules. However, in the majority of previous studies of multiwave mixing the resonant medium approximation has been used disregarding the induced anisotropy effect. This work presents a theoretical model and experimental studies of the energy efficiency of multiwave mixing in complex molecular media exhibiting higher order nonlinearities, in two cases: when the nonlinear cavity is introduced in the Fabry-Perot interferometer (IFP), and without it. Owing to the use of different combinations of mutually aligning polarizations for interacting waves, one is enabled to determine the contribution into the interaction efficiency by various dynamic gratings and nonlinearity mechanisms. The role of polarization gratings resultant from spatial modulation of the light field polarization state at the orthogonal polarization of the hologram recording waves has been established. Comparisons between the contributions of the above gratings and “normal” gratings recorded by identically polarized light beams into the process of multiwave mixing have demonstrated that the relation of these contributions is dependent on the intensity of interacting waves, and also it has been found that polarization of the diffracted wave is dependent on the diffraction order.
Electromagnetically induced gratings (EMIGs) of atomic populations are formed in the resonant media at the interference of two or more overlapping monochromatic beams. They are of great interest in the view of the possibility of numerous applications in optics and spectroscopy. The significant progress has been achieved recently in the generation of ultrashort femto- and attosecond pulses. Such ultrashort pulses cannot provide an interference pattern because the region of their overlapping is very small and insufficient to form even few interference fringes. However, when the pulse duration is shorter than the relaxation times in the medium in the presence of a coherent interaction with the medium, they can rapidly change of the population of atomic levels owing to carrier-wave Rabi flopping. In this case, population gratings can be formed without the instantaneous overlapping of ultrashort light pulses in the medium. The latest results on the production and control of EMIGs received by means of a sequence of single- and subcycle light pulses have been reviewed. It has been shown that the unipolar subcycle pulses can be used to control more efficiently the EMIGs compared to multipolar multicycle pulses. Various applications of these gratings have been discussed in the ultrafast optics and for the holographic recording.