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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Study of even-parity highly excited states of Eu I with a three-colour stepwise resonant excitation

Jun Xie, Dai Chang-Jian, Ming Li

Published Dec 16, 2010• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Even-parity highly excited states of an europium (Eu) atom have been investigated by employing the three-colour stepwise resonant excitation technique. Seventy-eight even-parity states of the Eu atom have been detected in the energy region between 43 500 and 45 200 cm −1 with two different excitation schemes. With a detailed analysis of the experimental data, this work not only confirms or improves the previous results by determining their level energy, J assignment, but also reports 21 new states of the Eu atom with a unique J assignment. In addition, the information about relative line intensities of these 78 related transitions are also provided for the first time.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/44/1/015002

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Chinese Optics Letters•Jan 1, 2011•3 citations
Even-parity highly excited states of an europium (Eu) atom have been investigated by employing the three-colour stepwise resonant excitation technique. Seventy-eight even-parity states of the Eu atom have been detected in the energy region between 43 500 and 45 200 cm −1 with two different excitation schemes. With a detailed analysis of the experimental data, this work not only confirms or improves the previous results by determining their level energy, J assignment, but also reports 21 new states of the Eu atom with a unique J assignment. In addition, the information about relative line intensities of these 78 related transitions are also provided for the first time.
In this paper, two different detection methods, photoionization and autoionization, are combined to study the spectrum of highly excited states of Eu atom. On the one hand, the bound Eu spectrum with odd-parity in the region of 43927—45010 cm-1 has been measured. The spectral information, such as position and intensity, of 32 transitions can be deduced from the spectra with calibration and the error estimation. The information of excitation process and the selection rules enables us to determine their total angular momenta. Comparison with the related literature show that 12 of the states are newly discovered. On the other hand, we design an effective method to identify different types of highly excited states. The spectra of odd-parity states in the same region are measured by both photoionization and autoionization methods, from which we may separate the Rydberg states from the valence states. of the 32 transitions only 14 can be identified as Rydberg states, and the others are valence states. Furthermore, the effective quantum numbers of the Rydberg states are also discussed in detail with the quantum theory.
Site-selective excitation has been used to simplify complex emission recorded in the visible spectral region for atomic europium isolated in the solid rare gases. In addition to y(8)P resonance fluorescence, excitation of the y(8)P state produces emission from the z(6)P state and the metastable a(10)D state. Very weak emission at 690 nm is tentatively assigned to the J = 9/2 level of the z(10)P state. Eu atoms isolated in the red and blue sites exhibit very different temperature dependence both spectrally and temporally. For the y(8)P state emission the red site atoms exhibit small Stokes shifts and yield radiative lifetimes while the emission from the blue site loses intensity and the temporal profiles shorten dramatically between 10 and 16 K indicating very efficient non-radiative relaxation in this site. An analysis of the Stokes shifts exhibited for the y(8)P state in each site supports the attributions made in a previous publication [O. Byrne and J.G. McCaffrey, J. Chem. Phys. 134, 124501 (2011)] that the smaller blue tetravacancy site has a greater repulsive interaction with the guest. With the exception of the y(8)P state resonance fluorescence, the recorded decay profiles of all the other emissions exhibit multiple components. This behaviour has been attributed to the existence of multiple crystal field levels arising from the splitting of the distinct spin-orbit levels from which emission occurs.
The 4f 7 6s( 9 S)np 8 PJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2) Rydberg series converging to the first ionization limit 4f 7 6s 9 S4 of the Eu atom using the three-step laser excitation and electric-field-ionization (EFI) method are studied.First, the Eu atom is excited from the 4f 7 6s 2 8 S o 7/2 ground state to the 4f 7 6s7s 8 S o 7/2 state through the 4f 7 6s6p 10 P 9/2 state by the first two dye lasers.Next, it is populated to many higher-n members of the 4f 7 6s( 9 S)np 8 PJ Rydberg series by the third dye laser whose wavelength is scanned within a certain range.Finally, the atom in these higher-n states is ionized by the external pulsed electric field.With the field strength up to 2 kV/cm, we can detect the atom in 4f 7 6s( 9 S)np 8 PJ states with n 40.With the given laser line width, the level energies of Rydberg states with n as high as 72 can be determined.We not only confirm the previous data on the 4f 7 6s( 9 S) np 8 PJ Rydberg series, but also extend the n-value assignment significantly by detecting more states.