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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Single-colour resonance three-photon ionization of samarium atoms

Aleksandr I. Gomonai, Oksana Plekan

Published Oct 8, 2003• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Single-colour resonance three-photon ionization of Sm atoms is studied within the 542.4–581.6 nm spectral range. Wavenumber dependence of the Sm + ion yield shows more than 600 maxima of different amplitudes and shapes. Most of the resonance structure observed is due to two-photon excitation of even-parity bound states lying in the 34 713.1–40 526.7 cm −1 energy range. Fifteen new even-parity bound states have been found. Their energies and total momenta have been determined.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/36/20/009

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Single-colour resonance three-photon ionization of Sm atoms is studied within the 542.4–581.6 nm spectral range. Wavenumber dependence of the Sm + ion yield shows more than 600 maxima of different amplitudes and shapes. Most of the resonance structure observed is due to two-photon excitation of even-parity bound states lying in the 34 713.1–40 526.7 cm −1 energy range. Fifteen new even-parity bound states have been found. Their energies and total momenta have been determined.
Amplitude ratios of resonance maxima caused by two-photon transitions from different levels of the ground term of the samarium atom are studied experimentally and theoretically as functions of the laser-radiation field strength. The results of these studies are shown to be promising for identifying the resonance structure of three-photon ionization spectra of the samarium atom. A not yet observed excited even-parity state with energy E ≈ 36789.1 cm −1 and hypothetical values of total angular momentum J = 5, 6 has been discovered.
Single-colour resonant multiphoton ionization transitions of atomic gadolinium have been investigated by resonance ionization mass spectrometry. A total of 72 transitions have been found in the wavelength range of 530 - 635 nm. The wavelengths, relative intensities, linewidths and isotope shifts have been obtained for most of these transitions. In addition, the initial state for each transition has also been assigned employing the multicolour pump - probe technique. From the analysis of these transitions, it is found that most of the observed transitions arise from the three-photon process via the resonant first or second state and their isotope shifts correspond well with those of the resonant states. Based on these results, we have proposed new high-lying states and have determined isotope shifts of several excited states.
The manifestation of spontaneous Raman scattering upon the three-photon ionization of a samarium atom has been investigated. The dependence of the Sm+ yield on the laser frequency, along with the peaks due to the two-photon excitation of bound states from different levels of the 4f 66s 2 7 F ground term, exhibits a strong peak due to single-photon excitation of the 4f 55d6s 2 7 D°3 state from the 4f 65d6s 9 H 2 excited state. The 4f 65d6s 9 H 2 state was populated as a result of spontaneous Raman scattering. The large amplitude of the observed peak indicates a high efficiency of this process. The estimations performed indicate that the probability of resonant ionization through an excited state populated due to spontaneous Raman scattering can be comparable with the probability of three-photon ionization through the two-photon intermediate resonance. The necessary conditions for implementing this channel of resonant three-photon ionization are formulated.
The manifestation of double resonances upon the three-photon ionization of the samarium atom has been studied in a frequency range of 17200–18400 cm −1 . Thirty peaks caused by double resonances have been found in the dependence of the yield of Sm + ions on the laser radiation frequency. The majority of these peaks greatly exceed in amplitude the peaks associated with ordinary two-photon resonances. The influence of double resonances on the three-photon ionization has been theoretically analyzed using the density matrix approximation. The calculations show that the probability of the three-photon resonance ionization can increase by more than two orders of magnitude due to the additional one-photon population of an intermediate level. The double resonance slows down the rate of increase in the probability of ionization with an increase in the laser radiation intensity compared to ordinary two-photon resonance.