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Applied Optics

Shift-tolerance property of an optical double-random phase-encoding encryption system

Bor Wang, Ching‐Cherng Sun, Wei‐Chia Su, Arthur E. T. Chiou

Published Sep 10, 2000• 73 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the shift-tolerance property of the decrypting phase mask in an optical double-random phase-encoding encryption system. A simple method for improving the shift tolerance of the phase mask is proposed. We demonstrate how the robustness to data loss of the encrypted image extends the shift tolerance of the decrypting phase mask. The signal-to-noise ratio is calculated. Both a computer simulation and an experiment are presented.

DOI
10.1364/ao.39.004788

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We investigate the shift-tolerance property of the decrypting phase mask in an optical double-random phase-encoding encryption system. A simple method for improving the shift tolerance of the phase mask is proposed. We demonstrate how the robustness to data loss of the encrypted image extends the shift tolerance of the decrypting phase mask. The signal-to-noise ratio is calculated. Both a computer simulation and an experiment are presented.
Double random phase encoding technique is a valuable and effective method for optical image encryption. However, a precise alignment is required when optical setup is performed. In this paper, we investigate the shift tolerance property of the technique. The theory of the robustness to data loss of the encrypted image is proposed. According to the theory, we propose a simple and novel method to improve the shift tolerance of the decrypting phase mask. Both theory and computer simulation are presented.
There is growing interest of the successful application of double random phase encoding in optical encryption techniques. Nevertheless, this method has some weaknesses such as the problem of optical axis alignment. A few modified schemes have been proposed in order to improve the misalignment but not for the DRPE. This paper addresses a simulated solution of DRPE scheme based on 4f optically system to improve the shift tolerance of the decrypting key by using deterministic phase masks instead of random phase masks. The main advantage of deterministic phase masks is the compact and tiny size of the keys and they are long enough so that an attacker cannot try any possible combinations. Initial feasibility studies have been undertaken and show a sufficient enhancement to axis alignment as compared to the conventional DRPE. We describe the principle of masks generation and present the simulations results which have been made to evaluate its performance in terms of data loss and shift of the decrypting key in the Fourier plane.
To improve the image quality of the decrypted image through the double-random phase-encoding optical encryption, the design method of the input phase mask is proposed. The input phase mask is iteratively designed so that the extent of the Fourier spectrum of the product of an input image and the input phase mask matches to the space bandwidth of the optical system. By using the designed input phase mask, we show that the bit-error rate is improved. We also discuss the number of the phase levels of the designed input phase mask.
In this paper, an explanation of the double random phase encryption technique using affine cryptography is proposed. The principle of this technique to decipher an optical image may be regarded as an optical realization of the affine cryptography. During the deciphering process of double random phase encryption based on the 4-f optical system, if there are errors in the random phase, which plays as a decryption key, these errors will be added to the encrypted image in the form of noise. The signal-to-noise ratio of the decrypted image has been analysed under the situation that the errors had occurred, both in the position of lateral direction and the value of the pixel function from the random phase mask. Furthermore, the fault tolerance of orientation in the decipher system has been discussed when only a part of the random phase mask is used.
We implement an optical encryption system based on double-random phase encoding of the data at the input and the Fourier planes. In our method we decrypt the image by generating a conjugate of the encrypted image through phase conjugation in a photorefractive crystal. The use of phase conjugation results in near-diffraction-limited imaging. Also, the key that is used during encryption can also be used for decrypting the data, thereby alleviating the need for using a conjugate of the key. The effect of a finite space-bandwidth product of the random phase mask on the encryption system's performance is discussed. A theoretical analysis is given of the sensitivity of the system to misalignment errors of a Fourier plane random phase mask.
An image encryption method combining the joint transform correlator (JTC) architecture with phase-shifting interferometry to realize double random-phase encoding is proposed. The encrypted field and the decrypting key are registered as holograms by phase-shifting interferometry. This method can encrypt two images simultaneously to improve the encryption efficiency of the methods based on JTC architecture, and eliminate the system alignment constraint of the methods based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) architecture. Its feasibility and validity are verified by computer simulations. Moreover, image encryption and decryption can be achieved at high speed optically or digitally. The encrypted data are suitable for Internet transmission.