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Advanced materials research

Entangled Photon Generation in a Nonlinear Micro Ring Resonator for Quantum Key Distribution Use

Chatchawal Sripakdee, K. Sarpat, W. Suwancharoen, Preecha P. Yupapin

Published Aug 1, 2008• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In analysis of a new technique for quantum key distribution using the entangled photon within a micro ring resonator is presented. The Kerr nonlinear effects type of light circulates in the micro ring resonator is induced into the device. The superposition i.e. four-wave mixing of the propagating waves at resonance is occurred, where the entangled photon is generated. The possible two entangle pairs is described and discussed. The proposed system has shown the potential of using in the realistic system, where such a device scale can be fabricated and performed within the mobile telephone hand set, which means the use of quantum telephone will be realized in the near future.

DOI
10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.489

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In analysis of a new technique for quantum key distribution using the entangled photon within a micro ring resonator is presented. The Kerr nonlinear effects type of light circulates in the micro ring resonator is induced into the device. The superposition i.e. four-wave mixing of the propagating waves at resonance is occurred, where the entangled photon is generated. The possible two entangle pairs is described and discussed. The proposed system has shown the potential of using in the realistic system, where such a device scale can be fabricated and performed within the mobile telephone hand set, which means the use of quantum telephone will be realized in the near future.
The powerful novel invention of entangled photon source by using a nonlinear silica micro ring resonator for quantum cryptography use was established and investigated. This entangled photon pair was generated under the degenerated four wave mixing process under the phase mismatch adjusment. The corresponding entangled photon generation Hamiltonian was established and studied in term of EPR pair. The obtained entangled photon pairs can be applied to the quantum cryptography distribution under quantum teleportation process showing the feasible and suitable for quantum information communication via the high visibility and QQQ factor results. The advantage of this novel entangled photon source will be proved to become a part of quantum distribution device in the near future.
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A new technique of an entangled photon pair generation using an all fiber optic scheme is presented. The proposed system is consisted of a fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) incorporating with a fiber optic ring resonator. The Kerr nonlinearity effect in the fiber ring resonator is exploited for the generation of two independent squeezed beams. The advantage of such a system is that it requires a simple arrangement without any optical pumping part and bulky optical components. Polarized light pulse trains are launched randomly into a MZI which one part of them is delayed in the longer path. The output pulses from both arms of the MZI are entered into a nonlinear fiber optic ring resonator. Where the superpositions of light pulses in a nonlinear fiber optics ring resonator are randomly occurred which is formed the entangled photon pairs. A polarization controller controls polarization states of light pulses while circulating in the ring resonator. The entangled photons are seen on the avalanche photo-detector, which is shown in good agreement with the previous works.
A new system for entangled photon-pair generation using an all-fiber optic scheme consists of a fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) incorporating a fiber optic ring resonator. The Kerr nonlinearity effect in the fiber ring resonator is exploited for the generation of two independent squeezed beams. The advantage of such a system is that it requires a simple arrangement without any optical pumping parts or bulky optical components. Polarized light pulse trains are launched randomly into a MZI, and one part of the light is delayed in the longer path. The output pulses from both arms of the MZI enter a fiber optic ring resonator. A polarization controller controls the polarization states of the light pulses while they circulate in the ring resonator. The superposition of the nonlinear light pulses in a fiber optic ring resonator randomly occur. These forms are seen on an avalanche photodetector. The results are in good agreement with previous work.
A system for continuous variable quantum key distribution via a wavelength router is proposed. The Kerr type of light in the nonlinear microring resonator (NMRR) induces the chaotic behavior. In this proposed system chaotic signals are generated by an optical soliton or Gaussian pulse within a NMRR system. The parameters, such as input power, MRRs radii and coupling coefficients can change and plays important role in determining the results in which the continuous signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Large bandwidth signals of optical soliton are generated by the input pulse propagating within the MRRs, which is allowed to form the continuous wavelength or frequency with large tunable channel capacity. The continuous variable QKD is formed by using the localized spatial soliton pulses via a quantum router and networks. The selected optical spatial pulse can be used to perform the secure communication network. Here the entangled photon generated by chaotic signals has been analyzed. The continuous entangled photon is generated by using the polarization control unit incorporating into the MRRs, required to provide the continuous variable QKD. Results obtained have shown that the application of such a system for the simultaneous continuous variable quantum cryptography can be used in the mobile telephone hand set and networks. In this study frequency band of 500 MHz and 2.0 GHz and wavelengths of 775 nm, 2,325 nm and 1.55 μm can be obtained for QKD use with input optical soliton and Gaussian beam respectively.
In recent years, there has been a spurring research interest growing on photonics integrated circuits as the way to scale up quantum communications. In particular, building a reliable integrated source of entangled photons is one of the main challenges remaining for commercial exploitation in quantum sensing and metrology. Therefore, advances in design of integrated sources of entangled photons is a necessary and crucial task to be performed for miniaturization and cost-effectiveness. Microring resonators are one of the most promising candidates to generate entangled photons via nonlinear interactions, especially Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing (SFWM). But fabrication limitations in reproducibility of high-quality resonators mandate the use of active devices. Here we present the results of preparing the excitation pulse with different spectral, intensity and dispersion parameters to optimize the quantum efficiency in passive devices after fabrication. Different numerical methods such as Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Split-Step Fourier Method (SSFM) are used to reproduce the nonlinear propagation, interplay with dispersion and losses. Exploiting the degree of freedom of the excitation pulse can bring more energy efficient and passive devices as quantum entangled pair sources in an integrated chip. Considerations on different degrees of entanglement are also discussed for applications in quantum sensing and quantum metrology.