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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Coherent effects of self-interaction of ultrashort pulses in resonant media

Anatolii A Afanas'ev, V V Drits, M V Ignatavichyus, B. A. Samson, R V Yakite

Published Mar 31, 1990• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A numerical experiment was carried out on resonant interaction of ultrashort light pulses with a radially symmetric power distribution. It is shown that in the case of an exact resonance the result of diffraction by a light-induced bleached stop in a beam gives rise to ring-shaped power distribution zones. An increase in the area under the profile of an ultrashort pulse results in a redistribution of the beam power out of its core to the peripheral ring zones. Detuning of the field frequency from the exact resonance blurs the ring structure of the beam.

DOI
10.1070/qe1990v020n03abeh005625

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A numerical experiment was carried out on resonant interaction of ultrashort light pulses with a radially symmetric power distribution. It is shown that in the case of an exact resonance the result of diffraction by a light-induced bleached stop in a beam gives rise to ring-shaped power distribution zones. An increase in the area under the profile of an ultrashort pulse results in a redistribution of the beam power out of its core to the peripheral ring zones. Detuning of the field frequency from the exact resonance blurs the ring structure of the beam.
This part of the review deals with coherent effects in the interaction of ultrashort light pulses with media characterized by degenerate transitions, including semiconducting media (in the direct band-band transition region), and with media exhibiting two-photon resonances. It is shown that the self-induced transparency can appear under such conditions and the properties of this effect are studied. A review is made of experimental investigations of the coherent bleaching of various media. The paper ends with a list of the most urgent problems requiring clarification.
An asymmetry of the spectral characteristics of optical transitions influences strongly the nature of a coherent nonlinear interaction between a broad-band three-level absorber and a series of ultrashort pulses. It is predicted that the absorption of the field will be reduced substantially in a three-level medium with asymmetric 1–3, 2–3 transitions. It is shown that the strong asymmetry results in coherent bleaching of the medium even in the absence of a resonance between the low-frequency 1–2 transition and the pulse repetition frequency (also under the action of high-power single ultrashort pulses). There is a range of parameters where a resonant dependence of the absorbed power on the pulse repetition frequency is observed and this dependence is enhanced appreciably by increasing the asymmetry.
An analysis is made of the evolution of high-power laser pulses in the case of coherent two-photon interaction with resonant media. It is shown that pulses of frequencies ω 0 and ω s satisfying the equalit ω 0 ±ω 0 =ω 21 (ω 21 is the resonance frequency of the medium) experience splitting into separate subpulses followed by a reduction in their duration and increase in their power. The efficiency of this process depends on the initial ratio of the amplitudes E 0 and E s . It is shown that such effects can be observed in paramagnetic acoustic resonance.
A review is given of the investigations of the coherent interaction of light pulses with resonantly absorbing two-level media. An analysis is made of the self-induced transparency discovered by McCall and Hahn and of its importance in quantum electronics. Bleached states associated with the phase modulation are considered in detail. A comparison is made with the theory of nonlinear waves of different physical origin. A review is given of some possible physical applications associated with the discriminatory nature of the transmission and delay of light in the self-induced transparency effect.
The results of theoretical research of the propagation effect of an ultrashort optical pulse under the conditions of coherent interaction with two resonant transitions are presented. One of the transitions is tuned to exact resonance with the pulse carrier frequency; the other is distanced by much more than the pulse spectral width, thus the adiabatic following approximation may be applied to it. The interaction between the pulse and the far-from-resonance transition is described by the wave equation with the nonlinear index of refraction in the form of the Lorentz function of the field amplitude. This wave equation is solved together with the Bloch equations for the exact resonant transition. The solution in the form of the stationary phase-modulated pulse is obtained, and (pi) -pulse of self-induced transparency is the special case of this solution. The obtained solution has the area under the pulse envelope less than (pi) , and with increasing the absorption coefficient of the far-from-resonance transition the pulse area decreases. The effect can be used for reducing the transparency threshold of the resonant medium below (pi) .
Subject of study. The self-diffraction process of a resonant pulse in a dense extended resonant medium was studied for the first time to our knowledge. This process leads to an angular deflection of the output radiation and sequential emission of a large series of N pulses with a variable area in the range (−3π,…,0,…,3π). The pulses are emitted from a small focusing region (0.1–1 mm) of the pump pulse in a dense extended resonant medium. The pulse wavelength corresponds to the resonant transition D287Rb (wavelength 780.24 nm). Aim of study. The nonlinear effect of the self-diffraction of a laser pulse with a cylindrical wavefront is studied in an extended resonant medium of rubidium vapor to develop new resonant microwave photonics devices using laser signal-processing methods in the microwave spectrum. Method. A transverse spatial profile of the electric field strength of a special shape f(x) is created in the caustic of a focused beam of a laser pump pulse with a cylindrical wavefront. The pump pulse must have a converging (for example, cylindrical) wavefront. Computer-synthesized holograms developed by us are used to create an arbitrary f(x) profile. Main results. The effect of the self-diffraction of a pump pulse is studied. This is accompanied by the emission of a series of N coherent resonant pulses with different areas in the range (−3π,…,0,…,3π) from a short focusing region (0.1–1 mm) of a resonant laser pump pulse. The self-diffraction of the pump pulse resulted in 16 emitted pulses with different areas. The distribution of series pulses over the diffraction angle was observed in the angle range from −5∘ to +4∘. The nonlinear generation of 0π-pulses was observed at some angles. The results verify the nonlinear generation of 0π-pulses over a short interaction length between light and a resonant medium for the first time to our knowledge. Practical significance. The obtained results on the effect of the self-diffraction of a resonant pulse with a transverse spatial profile f(x) will serve as a basis for the development of prototype devices for signal-processing problems using low-power laser diodes.