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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Coherent effects in the propagation of ultrashort light pulses in resonant media. Part II (Review)

I A Poluéktov, Yurii M Popov, V S Roĭtberg

Published Jun 30, 1974• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This part of the review deals with coherent effects in the interaction of ultrashort light pulses with media characterized by degenerate transitions, including semiconducting media (in the direct band-band transition region), and with media exhibiting two-photon resonances. It is shown that the self-induced transparency can appear under such conditions and the properties of this effect are studied. A review is made of experimental investigations of the coherent bleaching of various media. The paper ends with a list of the most urgent problems requiring clarification.

DOI
10.1070/qe1974v004n06abeh009308

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This part of the review deals with coherent effects in the interaction of ultrashort light pulses with media characterized by degenerate transitions, including semiconducting media (in the direct band-band transition region), and with media exhibiting two-photon resonances. It is shown that the self-induced transparency can appear under such conditions and the properties of this effect are studied. A review is made of experimental investigations of the coherent bleaching of various media. The paper ends with a list of the most urgent problems requiring clarification.
A review is given of the investigations of the coherent interaction of light pulses with resonantly absorbing two-level media. An analysis is made of the self-induced transparency discovered by McCall and Hahn and of its importance in quantum electronics. Bleached states associated with the phase modulation are considered in detail. A comparison is made with the theory of nonlinear waves of different physical origin. A review is given of some possible physical applications associated with the discriminatory nature of the transmission and delay of light in the self-induced transparency effect.
Our recent studies of methods for obtaining ultrashort light pulses and analysis of the impact of ultrashort optical pulses on classical and quantum micro-objects with the identification of the determining role of the degree of unipolarity of pulses (maximum for strictly unipolar pulses) in the efficiency of direct laser acceleration of charged particles and excitation of atoms and molecules have been reviewed. Special attention has been paid to the coherent mode locking regime in lasers, which is implemented when the laser pulse duration is less than the relaxation time of the working transition in media with resonance amplification and absorption (laser analog of the phenomenon of self-induced transparency). Experimental data on coherent mode locking in a titanium-sapphire laser with a cell with rubidium vapor at self-induced transparency in rubidium have been presented. The interaction of ultrashort pulses in resonant media has also been analyzed.
A review is given of recent theoretical investigations on coherent propagation and nonlinear interaction of multifrequency ultrashort radiation pulses in resonantly absorbing media. An analysis is made of frequency conversion by parametric interaction and stimulated Raman scattering of laser pulses in resonant three-level media. New ways of controlling the parameters of coherent pulses and the use of multifrequency pulses in the spectroscopy of multilevel media are discussed. The experimental capabilities of the investigated effects are considered.
Coherent propagation of intense short laser pulses through degenerate absorbing media is investigated with the use of an atomic-iodine laser-absorber self-resonant combination. Four degenerate systems, the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{-}^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$, $F=3\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=4$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{F}=0,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ and $F=2\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}{F}^{\ensuremath{'}}=2$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{M}_{F}=0,\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ transitions, are studied under various conditions. Theoretical analysis based on the "pulse-area---pulse-energy" approach shows different pulse propagation behaviors for three typical types of degeneracy. Experimental results give good agreement with theoretical predictions. It is concluded that self-induced transparency exists in any degenerate two-level system, provided that suitable polarization of radiation is used. The usefulness of self-induced-transparency phenomena for measurements of transitional dipole moment and homogeneous relaxation time is also demonstrated.
A review is given of the current status of the self-induced transparency effect. The McCall–Hahn theory (2π pulses) is considered and its generalization to the case of phase modulation of radiation pulses, degeneracy of transitions, and two-photon resonance is discussed. The relationship with the theory of nonlinear waves, obeying the Korteweg–de Vries equation, is pointed out. The possibility of similar coherent effects in direct interband transitions in semiconductors is discussed. A summary is given of the experimental results demonstrating a strong fall in the absorption and a considerable slowing down of light pulses, typical of the self-induced transparency. Possible physical applications of the effect, based on these properties, are discussed.
An asymmetry of the spectral characteristics of optical transitions influences strongly the nature of a coherent nonlinear interaction between a broad-band three-level absorber and a series of ultrashort pulses. It is predicted that the absorption of the field will be reduced substantially in a three-level medium with asymmetric 1–3, 2–3 transitions. It is shown that the strong asymmetry results in coherent bleaching of the medium even in the absence of a resonance between the low-frequency 1–2 transition and the pulse repetition frequency (also under the action of high-power single ultrashort pulses). There is a range of parameters where a resonant dependence of the absorbed power on the pulse repetition frequency is observed and this dependence is enhanced appreciably by increasing the asymmetry.