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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Sub-Poisson statistics of the radiation emitted by a feedback laser

Igor' V Koryukin

Published Feb 28, 1992• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An analysis is made of the model of a single-mode semiconductor injection laser with a feedback loop based on amplitude fluctuations. It is shown that radiation in the sub-Poisson photon statistics can be coupled out from such a laser if a second laser-resonator mirror, which is not in the feedback loop, is used as the exit mirror.
DOI
10.1070/qe1992v022n02abeh003353

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We detected a portion of the output from a semi-conductor diode laser and used the detected signal as a source of negative feedback to the laser drive current. At frequencies below the characteristic frequency of the feedback loop, the power spectral density of the detected photocurrent was as much as 15 dB below the shot noise limit. This reduction can be described by a semiclassical theory of the effects of feedback on an injected shot noise current. Physically, this corresponds to a process whereby the laser output is changed in response to changes in the noise current.
We present the theory of a laser in which the transmittivity of one output mirror is controlled by a current derived from a photodetector illuminated by the output light from that end of the cavity. That is, one output port of the laser is controlled by a feedback loop. We calculate the photon statistics inside the cavity. We also calculate the spectrum of intensity fluctuations for the light leaving the cavity through the output mirror not controlled by feedback. We show that intensity fluctuations inside the cavity may be reduced to 50% below the Poissonian limit while outside the cavity the reduction is at best 25% of the shot-noise limit. These optimum results, however, are not achieved under the same operating conditions.
A quantitative analysis is made of quantum fluctuations in the number of photons in the resonator of a single-mode laser considered in a quasi-linear approximation. An expression is obtained for a general four-level system, which is exact above the lasing threshold, but can also be used to calculate the fluctuations in the case of three- and two-level lasers. Above the threshold when certain relationships between the spontaneous decay constants are satisfied, the photon statistics are of the sub-Poisson type in four- and three-level systems. However, for other relationships between the decay constants, pumping rate, and average number of photons, fluctuations in the resonator obey both the Poisson and super-Poisson statistics with variances much greater than the average number of photons. Both Poisson and super-Poisson statistics with large values of the variance are found for a two-level system. The results of calculations indicate that, in general, there is no coherent Glauber state of the field in a laser resonator when the threshold is significantly exceeded.
Poisson photons may be converted into sub-Poisson (amplitude-squeezed) photons by the action of an electron current configured in an external feedback loop. The generation mechanism involves single-photon transitions so that the source can be made arbitrarily sub-Poissonian. Non-linear optics is not invoked. A useful configuration involves a photon emitter illuminating a detector-source combination in a closed-loop system. Two solid-state implementations of the detector-source combination are suggested.