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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Analysis of experimental observations of a sub-Poisson field

Ya. A. Fofanov

Published Aug 31, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis is made of the statistics of laser radiation in a photodetector–pump feedback loop. An analysis is made using rate equations for photons and photoelectrons. The results of experimental investigations of a laser with a feedback loop are also considered. It is shown that radiation in a feedback loop has a sub-Poisson statistics.

DOI
10.1070/qe1991v021n08abeh003975

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Physical Review Letters•Mar 17, 1986•21 citations
A theoretical analysis is made of the statistics of laser radiation in a photodetector–pump feedback loop. An analysis is made using rate equations for photons and photoelectrons. The results of experimental investigations of a laser with a feedback loop are also considered. It is shown that radiation in a feedback loop has a sub-Poisson statistics.
We detected a portion of the output from a semi-conductor diode laser and used the detected signal as a source of negative feedback to the laser drive current. At frequencies below the characteristic frequency of the feedback loop, the power spectral density of the detected photocurrent was as much as 15 dB below the shot noise limit. This reduction can be described by a semiclassical theory of the effects of feedback on an injected shot noise current. Physically, this corresponds to a process whereby the laser output is changed in response to changes in the noise current.
A quantitative analysis is made of quantum fluctuations in the number of photons in the resonator of a single-mode laser considered in a quasi-linear approximation. An expression is obtained for a general four-level system, which is exact above the lasing threshold, but can also be used to calculate the fluctuations in the case of three- and two-level lasers. Above the threshold when certain relationships between the spontaneous decay constants are satisfied, the photon statistics are of the sub-Poisson type in four- and three-level systems. However, for other relationships between the decay constants, pumping rate, and average number of photons, fluctuations in the resonator obey both the Poisson and super-Poisson statistics with variances much greater than the average number of photons. Both Poisson and super-Poisson statistics with large values of the variance are found for a two-level system. The results of calculations indicate that, in general, there is no coherent Glauber state of the field in a laser resonator when the threshold is significantly exceeded.
The usual open-loop semiclassical theory of light detection is extended to include closed-loop operation in which there is feedback from the detector to the source. The revised theory takes the form of a self-exciting point process. It admits photocount statistics that are associated with non-classical light in open-loop configurations, e.g., sub-shot-noise spectra and sub-Poisson photocounts. The extended theory is used to explain two recent closed-loop experiments in which sub-Poisson photocount statistics were produced.