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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Efficient frequency conversion of ultrashort pulses from the visible (0.55 μ) to the infrared (1.5 μ) in barium vapor

S O Sapondzhyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Aug 31, 1983• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The frequency of ?p?0.55 ? radiation of ultrashort duration was converted to the infrared (? =1.5 ?) in Ba vapor in the presence of an Ar buffer gas whose pressure was varied between 1 and 300 Torr. The conversion quantum efficiency was 30%. An investigation was made of the mechanisms for population of the 1P10 Ba level. It was found that when the detuning of the pump radiation from the appropriate transition was large, the only mechanism for population of the 1P10 level (followed by lasing at ? =1.5 ?) was optical collisions: Ba(1S0)+Ar+h?p?Ba(1P10)+Ar. For small detunings and low Ar pressures other mechanisms for population of the 1P10 level were also found. Measurements were made of the temporal characteristics of the ? =1.5 ? radiation. Possible reasons for the absence of electronic stimulated Raman scattering are discussed.

DOI
10.1070/qe1983v013n08abeh004572

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The frequency of ?p?0.55 ? radiation of ultrashort duration was converted to the infrared (? =1.5 ?) in Ba vapor in the presence of an Ar buffer gas whose pressure was varied between 1 and 300 Torr. The conversion quantum efficiency was 30%. An investigation was made of the mechanisms for population of the 1P10 Ba level. It was found that when the detuning of the pump radiation from the appropriate transition was large, the only mechanism for population of the 1P10 level (followed by lasing at ? =1.5 ?) was optical collisions: Ba(1S0)+Ar+h?p?Ba(1P10)+Ar. For small detunings and low Ar pressures other mechanisms for population of the 1P10 level were also found. Measurements were made of the temporal characteristics of the ? =1.5 ? radiation. Possible reasons for the absence of electronic stimulated Raman scattering are discussed.
A frequency converter for ultrashort pulses, based on a leucosapphire cell in which atomic barium vapor, is formed was realized for the first time. This converter makes it possible to generate picosecond and femtosecond pulses in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, and vacuum ultraviolet spectral regions with a high efficiency. A method is given for determining the gain G for stimulated Raman scattering in a single laser shot. In the case of stimulated electronic Raman scattering in barium vapor with a 30 cm −1 detuning, at a pressure of 0.1 Torr, and for a pump pulse duration of ~ 20 ps, a value of G = (0.2) I p cm/MW was obtained (where I p is the pump intensity) while the threshold pump energy was below 1 μJ. Other possible applications of a leucosapphire cell containing atomic barium vapor are also described.
The stimulated collision-induced fluorescence (SOF) at wavelengths of 472.6nm, 582.6nm and 648.3nm, as well as Raman-shifted radiation at wavelength of 475nm were observed in barium vapor pumped by broadband pulse of the XeOl laser. The SCF was found to be self-termination short pulses with FWHM of 8 ns, and its internsity inoreased with buffer-gas pressure. There existed time delay aa long as 20 ns between the front edges of the pump pulse and of the Raman-shifted pulse, and the Raman conversion efficiency decreased significantly as the buffer-gas pressure increasing.
The conversion of a visible dye laser output into tunable infrared (IR) laser radiation via stimulated Raman scattering in Cs vapor was investigated. Small-signal gain, threshold intensity, and conversion efficiency measurements were obtained versus pump laser detuning. Fixed-frequency IR outputs at other wavelengths were also observed. One of these, the7P_{3/2}-5D_{5/2}transition, had a strong lasing component polarized perpendicular to the pump laser polarization. Lasing near the 8523-Å resonance line was attributed to a four-wave parametric interaction as a plausible generation mechanism.
Emission at wavelengths of 1.0615 and 1.074 μ from a self-mode-locked YAG:Nd3+ laser was observed at thresholds which were only 1.5 and 3.5 times higher than the threshold for the emission of radiation with λ = 1.064 μ. Efficient conversion (characterized by a quantum efficiency of ~ 15%) of the third harmonics of the radiations with λ = 1.064 and 1.0615 μ to the visible (590 nm) and ultraviolet (250 nm) ranges was achieved in atomic barium vapor. Electron stimulated Raman scattering due to a strongly forbidden transition in a system of Ba atoms was observed for the first time.
An experimental investigation was made of stimulated Raman scattering (STRS) of excimer laser radiation in barium, thulium, and europium vapors. The energy of XeF* laser radiation ( λ = 351 nm) converted to the yellow range (585 nm) in barium vapor was 6 mJ and the conversion efficiency was ∼39%. The spectral composition of the converted radiation is governed by the STRS, by four-wave parametric processes, and also by lasing due to the natural barium transition. Selection of the pump frequencies is required to concentrate the converted radiation at a single frequency and to reduce its divergence. Stimulated Raman scattering of XeCl* laser radiation ( λ = 308 nm) was achieved in thulium vapor at λ = 422 nm. In europium vapor in quasiresonance with the 6 s 2 8 S 0 1/2 –5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 forbidden transition, stimulated emission was obtained due to the natural 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 11/2 and 5 d 2 10 P 0 11/2 –6 s 6 p 10 P 3/2 transitions.
Electron stimulated Raman scattering in atomic cesium vapor was used in efficient conversion of the freqeuncy of the second harmonic to the infrared range in the case of picosecond YAG and neodymium phosphate glass lasers. The tuning range of ultrashort pulses was 2.21-2.55μ, the spectral width of the output pulses did not exceed 2 cm−1, and the quantum efficiency of the conversion process was 10%. In addition to tunable ultrashort pulses, picosecond pulses at fixed wavelengths of 3.1 and 0.88μ were generated.