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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Generation of picosecond YAG laser radiation and its efficient conversion to the visible and ultraviolet range in atomic barium vapor

David G. Sarkisyan, S O Sapondzhyan

Published Dec 31, 1984• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Emission at wavelengths of 1.0615 and 1.074 μ from a self-mode-locked YAG:Nd3+ laser was observed at thresholds which were only 1.5 and 3.5 times higher than the threshold for the emission of radiation with λ = 1.064 μ. Efficient conversion (characterized by a quantum efficiency of ~ 15%) of the third harmonics of the radiations with λ = 1.064 and 1.0615 μ to the visible (590 nm) and ultraviolet (250 nm) ranges was achieved in atomic barium vapor. Electron stimulated Raman scattering due to a strongly forbidden transition in a system of Ba atoms was observed for the first time.

DOI
10.1070/qe1984v014n12abeh006253

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Aug 23, 1995•1 citation
Emission at wavelengths of 1.0615 and 1.074 μ from a self-mode-locked YAG:Nd3+ laser was observed at thresholds which were only 1.5 and 3.5 times higher than the threshold for the emission of radiation with λ = 1.064 μ. Efficient conversion (characterized by a quantum efficiency of ~ 15%) of the third harmonics of the radiations with λ = 1.064 and 1.0615 μ to the visible (590 nm) and ultraviolet (250 nm) ranges was achieved in atomic barium vapor. Electron stimulated Raman scattering due to a strongly forbidden transition in a system of Ba atoms was observed for the first time.
A phosphate neodymium glass laser emitting picosecond pulses tunable in the 1.05–1.07 μ range was developed to study nonlinear optical processes in atomic barium vapor. Its temporal characteristics were investigated using a modified second harmonic beam method. Electron stimulated Raman scattering and four-photon parametric conversion in atomic barium vapor were used to obtain efficient conversion of the third harmonic of the picosecond phosphate laser (350–356 nm) to the Stokes (580–600 nm) and anti-Stokes (250–253 nm) waves. The highest conversion quantum efficiency for the Stokes wave was 15%. Electron stimulated Raman scattering in an (6 s 2 ) 1 S –(6 s 7 s ) 1 S –(6 s 6 p ) 1 P 0 system, having a strongly forbidden first transition, was recorded for the first time. In the same system, two-photon pumping generated four-photon parametric superradiance and it was found that the signal and idler waves had anomalously broad spectra (wider than 100 cm −1 ).
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Electron stimulated Raman scattering in atomic cesium vapor was used in efficient conversion of the freqeuncy of the second harmonic to the infrared range in the case of picosecond YAG and neodymium phosphate glass lasers. The tuning range of ultrashort pulses was 2.21-2.55μ, the spectral width of the output pulses did not exceed 2 cm−1, and the quantum efficiency of the conversion process was 10%. In addition to tunable ultrashort pulses, picosecond pulses at fixed wavelengths of 3.1 and 0.88μ were generated.
A frequency converter for ultrashort pulses, based on a leucosapphire cell in which atomic barium vapor, is formed was realized for the first time. This converter makes it possible to generate picosecond and femtosecond pulses in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet, and vacuum ultraviolet spectral regions with a high efficiency. A method is given for determining the gain G for stimulated Raman scattering in a single laser shot. In the case of stimulated electronic Raman scattering in barium vapor with a 30 cm −1 detuning, at a pressure of 0.1 Torr, and for a pump pulse duration of ~ 20 ps, a value of G = (0.2) I p cm/MW was obtained (where I p is the pump intensity) while the threshold pump energy was below 1 μJ. Other possible applications of a leucosapphire cell containing atomic barium vapor are also described.
The frequency of ?p?0.55 ? radiation of ultrashort duration was converted to the infrared (? =1.5 ?) in Ba vapor in the presence of an Ar buffer gas whose pressure was varied between 1 and 300 Torr. The conversion quantum efficiency was 30%. An investigation was made of the mechanisms for population of the 1P10 Ba level. It was found that when the detuning of the pump radiation from the appropriate transition was large, the only mechanism for population of the 1P10 level (followed by lasing at ? =1.5 ?) was optical collisions: Ba(1S0)+Ar+h?p?Ba(1P10)+Ar. For small detunings and low Ar pressures other mechanisms for population of the 1P10 level were also found. Measurements were made of the temporal characteristics of the ? =1.5 ? radiation. Possible reasons for the absence of electronic stimulated Raman scattering are discussed.
Barium vapor emission in the vicinity of the (5d6p1P1COP-6s1S0) and (6p1P1COP-6s1S0) resonance transitions excited by a XeCl* laser has been studied experimentaly. IR radiation ((lambda) equals 2315.8 nm) assigned to the Ba (7p1P1COP-7s1S0) transition has been detected. Four-wave parametric oscillation is assumed to be responsible for the Ba emission. Observations of the interaction range between UV pump radiation and Ba vapor have shown the green emission to be produced from a great number of narrow regions. This effect is attributable either to self- focusing or inversion threads.