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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Tunable infrared laser generated via stimulated Raman scattering in Cs vapor

R. T. V. Kung, Irving Itzkan

Published Mar 1, 1977• 14 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The conversion of a visible dye laser output into tunable infrared (IR) laser radiation via stimulated Raman scattering in Cs vapor was investigated. Small-signal gain, threshold intensity, and conversion efficiency measurements were obtained versus pump laser detuning. Fixed-frequency IR outputs at other wavelengths were also observed. One of these, the7P_{3/2}-5D_{5/2}transition, had a strong lasing component polarized perpendicular to the pump laser polarization. Lasing near the 8523-Å resonance line was attributed to a four-wave parametric interaction as a plausible generation mechanism.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1977.1069286

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The conversion of a visible dye laser output into tunable infrared (IR) laser radiation via stimulated Raman scattering in Cs vapor was investigated. Small-signal gain, threshold intensity, and conversion efficiency measurements were obtained versus pump laser detuning. Fixed-frequency IR outputs at other wavelengths were also observed. One of these, the7P_{3/2}-5D_{5/2}transition, had a strong lasing component polarized perpendicular to the pump laser polarization. Lasing near the 8523-Å resonance line was attributed to a four-wave parametric interaction as a plausible generation mechanism.
The main properties of infrared stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) at the 6 2 S 1/2 -7 2 S 1/2, 3/2 transitions in cesium atoms are studied theoretically and experimentally as functions of the atomic concentration, which was varied from 10 11 to 10 16 cm −3 . It is found that the efficiency of generation of Stokes radiation strongly depends on one-photon absorption of the pump radiation tuned near frequencies of the 6 2 S 1/2 -7 2 P 1/2, 3/2 transitions. By using the equation for the density matrix, which describes the evolution of a three-level system, the theory of resonance excitation of IR radiation upon one-photon absorption at an adjacent transition is developed. The theory describes well the main features of IR SERS in alkali-metal vapors.
The first reported use of a pulsed rhodamine-dye laser to generate widely tunable nanosecond light pulses in the vibrational infrared by stimulated electronic Raman scattering is discussed. Narrow-band pulses of up to 120 microJ were generated from 3450 to 900 cm(-1) (2.9 to 11.1 microm), and broadband pulses up to 75 microJ were generated from 3390 to 1800 cm(-1) (2.9 to 5.5 microm) by scattering from the 6s-5d transition in cesium vapor. Cesium dimer effects on tuning-curve structure and efficiency are discussed.
Electron stimulated Raman scattering in atomic cesium vapor was used in efficient conversion of the freqeuncy of the second harmonic to the infrared range in the case of picosecond YAG and neodymium phosphate glass lasers. The tuning range of ultrashort pulses was 2.21-2.55μ, the spectral width of the output pulses did not exceed 2 cm−1, and the quantum efficiency of the conversion process was 10%. In addition to tunable ultrashort pulses, picosecond pulses at fixed wavelengths of 3.1 and 0.88μ were generated.