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Physical Review A

Bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency in hot atomic vapors

Hui Yan, Kai-Yu Liao, Jian‐Feng Li, Yan-Xiong Du, Zhi‐Ming Zhang, Shi-Liang Zhu

Published May 1, 2013• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atomic system coupled by a symmetrical bichromatic laser field, a weak probe laser field shows multiple absorption peaks in the case of cold atoms. As for hot atomic vapors, we experimentally observe double symmetrical electromagnetically induced transparency windows instead of multiple absorption peaks. This abnormal spectrum is due to the Doppler averaging. The electromagnetically induced transparency windows observed here are useful for obtaining slow photons at different frequencies.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.87.055401

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Physical Review A•Mar 2, 2006•61 citations
In a three-level \ensuremathΛ\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremathΛ atomic system coupled by a symmetrical bichromatic laser field, a weak probe laser field shows multiple absorption peaks in the case of cold atoms. As for hot atomic vapors, we experimentally observe double symmetrical electromagnetically induced transparency windows instead of multiple absorption peaks. This abnormal spectrum is due to the Doppler averaging. The electromagnetically induced transparency windows observed here are useful for obtaining slow photons at different frequencies.
A three-level lambda system driven by multicolor control, pump, and probe fields is investigated. The pump and probe fields are derived from the same laser with opposite propagating directions. Due to the Doppler effect, the zero group-velocity atoms face bichromatic fields, while other atoms face trichromatic fields. The atomic medium shows distinct characteristics and exhibits simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) at two frequencies. EIT and EIA peaks have a fixed relationship with frequency, which is determined by the Doppler shifts.
We have experimentally studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in hot 85Rb atomic vapor using probe and coupling light with comparable power levels. We have shown that strong-probe EIT has different linewidth and appears in fewer configurations than does usual, weak probe EIT. In V-scheme, where optical pumping and saturation are dominant mechanisms, narrow EIT is possible only when a probe is tuned to a closed transition. The width of the EIT resonance increases with laser intensity with non-linear dependence, similar to the weak-probe EIT in Lambda- scheme. The EIT in Lambda- scheme was observed when two transitions had balanced population losses. The EIA was modified for the case of a strong probe as well: in four-level N-scheme with Zeeman sublevels the EIA was observed only for a cycling transition when F'=F+1, where F and F' are the angular momenta of the 5 2S1/2 (ground) and 5 2P3/2 (excited) state hyper-fine levels, respectively. The combination of strong probe and strong coupling laser beam intensities allows observation of an absorption dip due to three-photon resonance in a four-level scheme that involves the Raman transitions via virtual level.
In this paper, we study the formation of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows in a four-level lambda atomic system with Doppler broadening. The depth and the width of the EIT windows are easily changed by adjusting the intensity of the controlling laser fields. Meanwhile, the position of the EIT windows is also easily shifted by changing the frequency of the laser fields. In particular, by turning on or off one of the two coupling laser fields, the probe field response can be switched between one or two EIT window regimes, i.e., it is possible to switch between absorption and transparency regimes, and vice versa. In addition, our analytical model also allows one to investigate the influence of temperature (or Doppler width) on EIT windows, which is necessary for experimental observations as well as related applications at room temperature.
Abstract Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in five-level atomic systems is theoretically investigated for three representative configurations: M-, inverted-Y, and K-type systems driven by a weak probe field and three control laser fields. The different coupling schemes produce different quantum interference pathways and two-photon resonance conditions, leading to markedly different EIT spectra. The M-type configuration exhibits one, two, and three well-resolved transparency windows as successive control fields are introduced. In contrast, the inverted-Y configuration produces broader transparency windows because of the overlap of multiple interference channels, whereas the K-type configuration exhibits only a single EIT window when all control fields are resonant. Multiple transparency windows in the K-type system appear after introducing appropriate coupling-field detunings. Doppler broadening at room temperature significantly broadens the absorption spectrum and reduces the transparency depth, while preserving the number and positions of the EIT windows. These results demonstrate that the coupling scheme plays an important role in determining the formation and evolution of multi-window EIT spectra and identify the characteristics of the three five-level configurations for multi-channel quantum-optical applications, as well as for the experimental observation of EIT spectra in five-level configurations.
Abstract For multi-level systems in hot atomic vapors the interplay between the Doppler shift due to atomic motion and the wavenumber mismatch between driving laser fields strongly influences transmission and absorption properties of the atomic medium. In a three-level atomic ladder-system, Doppler broadening limits the visibility of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) when the probe and control fields are co-propagating, while EIT is recovered under the opposite condition of counter-propagating geometry and k p < k c , with k p and k c being the wavenumbers of the probe and control fields, respectively. This effect has been studied and experimentally demonstrated as an efficient mechanism to realize non-reciprocal probe light transmission, which may enable applications as magnetic-field free optical isolators. Here, we describe the basics of this effect and discuss a simple picture for the underlying mechanism. We illustrate how the non-reciprocity scales with wavelength mismatch and show how to experimentally demonstrate the effect in a simple Rydberg-EIT system using thermal Rubidium atoms.
We report an experimental investigation of the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) using bichromatic laser radiation and an extremely thin cell filled with pure Rb with smoothly controllable thickness LLL of the atomic vapor layer in the range $\ensuremath{\sim}780--1600\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$, for which LLL is comparable to the laser wavelength $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ resonant with the D2{D}_{2}D2​ line (780nm)(780\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})(780nm). It is revealed that the transmission spectrum of the probe laser contains two sub-Doppler peaks that have different linewidths. The narrow peak corresponds to EIT, whereas the broader one results from velocity-selective optical pumping (VSOP) and repumping processes. It is demonstrated that in the case of nonzero detuning of the coupling laser, the EIT resonance and VSOP are shifted with respect to each other on the frequency scale, which makes it possible to observe a competition between the two effects (this is not possible to realize in an ordinary cell). Also, the Dicke-type coherent narrowing effect depending on the ratio $L∕\ensuremath{\lambda}$ influences the absorption spectrum of the probe laser. Formation of an EIT resonance is substantially favored for the atoms with slow normal velocity, caused by their longer interaction time with the bichromatic laser field. As a result of the predominant contribution of these atoms, the observed linewidth of the EIT resonance is only $\ensuremath{\sim}9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, which is more than ten times narrower than the inverse window-to-window flight time. In an external magnetic field, three and five EIT resonances have been observed for the vapor thickness of $L=2\ensuremath{\lambda}$, on 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb and 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb, respectively.