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Chinese Optics Letters

Simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in thermal atomic medium

Shangqing Liang, Yunfei Xu, Qiang Lin

Published Jan 1, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A three-level lambda system driven by multicolor control, pump, and probe fields is investigated. The pump and probe fields are derived from the same laser with opposite propagating directions. Due to the Doppler effect, the zero group-velocity atoms face bichromatic fields, while other atoms face trichromatic fields. The atomic medium shows distinct characteristics and exhibits simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) at two frequencies. EIT and EIA peaks have a fixed relationship with frequency, which is determined by the Doppler shifts.

DOI
10.3788/col201715.090201

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A three-level lambda system driven by multicolor control, pump, and probe fields is investigated. The pump and probe fields are derived from the same laser with opposite propagating directions. Due to the Doppler effect, the zero group-velocity atoms face bichromatic fields, while other atoms face trichromatic fields. The atomic medium shows distinct characteristics and exhibits simultaneous electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) at two frequencies. EIT and EIA peaks have a fixed relationship with frequency, which is determined by the Doppler shifts.
Abstract For multi-level systems in hot atomic vapors the interplay between the Doppler shift due to atomic motion and the wavenumber mismatch between driving laser fields strongly influences transmission and absorption properties of the atomic medium. In a three-level atomic ladder-system, Doppler broadening limits the visibility of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) when the probe and control fields are co-propagating, while EIT is recovered under the opposite condition of counter-propagating geometry and k p < k c , with k p and k c being the wavenumbers of the probe and control fields, respectively. This effect has been studied and experimentally demonstrated as an efficient mechanism to realize non-reciprocal probe light transmission, which may enable applications as magnetic-field free optical isolators. Here, we describe the basics of this effect and discuss a simple picture for the underlying mechanism. We illustrate how the non-reciprocity scales with wavelength mismatch and show how to experimentally demonstrate the effect in a simple Rydberg-EIT system using thermal Rubidium atoms.
The propagation of a probe field through a four-level Y-type atomic system is described in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields, namely, the control field and the coupling field. An expression for the probe response is derived analytically from the optical Bloch equations under steady state condition to study the absorptive properties of the system under probe field propagation through an ensemble of stationary atoms as well as in a Doppler broadened atomic vapor medium. The most striking result is the conversion of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) into electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) as we start switching from weak probe regime to strong probe regime. The dependence of this conversion on residual Doppler averaging due to wavelength mismatch is also shown by choosing the coupling transition as a Rydberg transition.
In this paper, we study the formation of two electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows in a four-level lambda atomic system with Doppler broadening. The depth and the width of the EIT windows are easily changed by adjusting the intensity of the controlling laser fields. Meanwhile, the position of the EIT windows is also easily shifted by changing the frequency of the laser fields. In particular, by turning on or off one of the two coupling laser fields, the probe field response can be switched between one or two EIT window regimes, i.e., it is possible to switch between absorption and transparency regimes, and vice versa. In addition, our analytical model also allows one to investigate the influence of temperature (or Doppler width) on EIT windows, which is necessary for experimental observations as well as related applications at room temperature.
The probe absorption spectrum of the Λ-three-level system driven by bichromatic coupling field and weak probe field is investigated. We obtain the probe absorption spectra for different frequency detunings of coupling field by solving the density matrix equation and numerical analysis. Three electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) peaks are simultaneously observed in the absorption profile of probe field. We report the dependence of position and relative intensity of EIA on the frequency detuning of the bichromatic coupling field. The results show that central EIA always appears at the resonant frequency of probe field, with the constant intensity. The position of the secondary EIA vary with the frequency detuning of coupled field, and the intensity of the absorption peaks decrease with the increasing detuning.
In a three-level $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ atomic system coupled by a symmetrical bichromatic laser field, a weak probe laser field shows multiple absorption peaks in the case of cold atoms. As for hot atomic vapors, we experimentally observe double symmetrical electromagnetically induced transparency windows instead of multiple absorption peaks. This abnormal spectrum is due to the Doppler averaging. The electromagnetically induced transparency windows observed here are useful for obtaining slow photons at different frequencies.
Abstract Coherent probe field (L A ) propagation through an eight-level inverted Y-type atomic system, in the presence of two additional coherent radiation fields termed the field L C (control or pump field) and the field L B (repump field), is investigated by using the parameters of 87 Rb 5 S 1 / 2 → 5 P 3 / 2 → 7 S 1 / 2 transitions. The system has two ground energy levels, four intermediate energy levels, and two uppermost energy levels. A theoretical model based on the density matrix method is used for numerical simulation of the probe response under different conditions. Simulated probe absorption spectra under a Doppler-free condition as well as under thermal averaging exhibit electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). The position and line shape of this EIT profile change with different detunings of the control and repump fields. When the three coherent fields share a common level, a funnel-like EIT window appears in the simulated probe absorption curve. Velocity selective optically pumped absorption peaks are seen in the simulated probe response at room temperature.