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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Determination of Collisional Quenching Rate for the 4D3/2 State in SrII

Iku Hirano, Jun Yoda, Feng-Lei Hong, Kenichiro Okumura, Atsushi Onae

Published Oct 1, 1998• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Sr+ ions were confined in a rf trap with He buffer gas. Weak fluorescence from Sr+ ions was detected using a frequency-doubled semiconductor laser, a CW fiber laser (pump-back light) and the photon counting method. Increase in fluorescence using the pump-back laser enabled the determination of collisional quenching rates for the 4d2D3/2 state. A collisonal quenching rate of 6400(s-1Pa-1) was obtained. This result reveals that collisional quenching rate for the metastable state can be determined by using CW lasers instead of pulse lasers.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.37.5767

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Sr+ ions were confined in a rf trap with He buffer gas. Weak fluorescence from Sr+ ions was detected using a frequency-doubled semiconductor laser, a CW fiber laser (pump-back light) and the photon counting method. Increase in fluorescence using the pump-back laser enabled the determination of collisional quenching rates for the 4d2D3/2 state. A collisonal quenching rate of 6400(s-1Pa-1) was obtained. This result reveals that collisional quenching rate for the metastable state can be determined by using CW lasers instead of pulse lasers.
Sr+ ions were confined in a rf trap with buffer gases (He, N2 and CH4) at several different pressures, and the fluorescence from 5p 2 P 1/2 to 5s 2 S 1/2 was detected. Increasing in the fluorescence using a pump-back laser enabled the estimation of collisional quenching rates for the 4d 2 D 3/2 state of Sr+. They are 0.27, 0.83 and 2.3 in units of 10-16 m3 s-1 for He, N2 and CH4, respectively. The experimental collisional quenching rates were compared with the Langevin reaction rates obtained by the classical ion-molecule collision theory.
Measurements of the mixing rates and cross sections for collisional excitation transfer between the 5P 1/2 and 5P 3/2 states of rubidium (Rb) in the presence of 4 He buffer gas are presented. Selected pulses from a high repetition rate, mode-locked femtosecond laser are used to excite either Rb state with the fluorescence due to collisional excitation transfer observed by time-correlated single-photon counting. The time dependence of this fluorescence is fitted to the solution of rate equations which include the mixing rate, atomic lifetimes and any quenching processes. The variation in the mixing rate over a large range of buffer gas densities allows the determination of both the binary collisional transfer cross section and a three-body collisional transfer rate. We do not observe any collisional quenching effects at 4 He pressures up to 6 atm and discuss in detail other systematic effects considered in the experiment.
The development of an all-solid-state systems of lasers is described for the cooling and probing of strontium ions in a radio-frequency (rf) trap. The Sr+ ions created within the rf trap are laser cooled by repeated cycling on the 422 nm 2S1/2 - 2P1/2 resonance transition. The 422 nm light was generated from a single mode 70 mW 844 nm diode laser, whose output was frequency doubled to 422 nm in a KNbO3 crystal inside a resonant enhancement cavity. Decays from the Sr+ upper resonance level into the 2D3/2 metastable state remove ions from the cooling cycle. This loss was prevented by driving the 1092 nm 2D3/2 - 2P1/2 transition using a Nd3+-doped fiber laser, diode-pumped at 826 nm. The 2S1/2 - 2D5/2 optical 'clock' transition at 674 nm has a natural linewidth of 0.4 Hz and may be probed with an AlGaInP laser diode. The laser diodes at 844 nm and 674 nm are both collimated using a piezo-mounted GRIN rod which also provides longitudinal mode selection. The spectral output is optically narrowed using resonant optical feedback.
The radiative lifetime of 1s2s3S11s2s^{3}S_{1}1s2s3S1​ Li+{\mathrm{Li}}^{+}Li+ ions has been measured by a comparison of the count rate of spontaneous decay photons (210 \AA{}) to a laser-induced fluorescence signal proportional to the total number of metastable ions. The ions were confined in a rf-quadrupole trap, and the fluorescence signal used was the intercombination transition 1s2p3P11s2p^{3}P_{1}1s2p3P1​ to $1{s}^{2}^{1}S_{0}$ at 202 \AA{}. The 3P1^{3}P_{1}3P1​ state was populated from 3S1^{3}S_{1}3S1​ by absorption of laser photons at 5485 \AA{}. The result is ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{r}=58.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}12.9$ sec (95% confidence level); theory predicts ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{r}=49.1$ sec.
We report on a study to determine the efficiency of various buffer gases in quenching the population trapping states of laser-excited ytterbium ions. The ions were confined in an rf-dc hybrid trap, and their 2^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ transition was excited with 329-nm laser light. Buffer gases used include H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​, N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​, CO2{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}CO2​, Ar, and He at several different pressure regimes. We have identified N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ to be highly efficient in quenching the population of the trapping states and thus be the most suitable buffer gas to use with ytterbium for the development of a trapped-ion microwave frequency standard.
A single Sr+ atom was confined in a radio-frequency quadrupole trap and laser cooled with resonant laser light. Examination of the transition Doppler profile indicated an ion kinetic temperature of less than 500 mK. Quantum jumps into and out of the metastable 4d(2)D(5/2) level were observed by laser excitation on the electric-quadrupole-allowed transition from the ground state at 674 nm. The dark and bright periods in the strong fluorescence showed variations owing to the applied driving field on the electric-quadrupole transition. These results provide an improved determination of tau = 372 +/- 25 msec for the natural metastable-state lifetime.