Physical Review A

Efficient quenching of population trapping in excited Yb+

David J. Seidel, Lute Maleki

Published Apr 1, 1995• 13 citations

Abstract

We report on a study to determine the efficiency of various buffer gases in quenching the population trapping states of laser-excited ytterbium ions. The ions were confined in an rf-dc hybrid trap, and their $^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}$ transition was excited with 329-nm laser light. Buffer gases used include ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$, Ar, and He at several different pressure regimes. We have identified ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ to be highly efficient in quenching the population of the trapping states and thus be the most suitable buffer gas to use with ytterbium for the development of a trapped-ion microwave frequency standard.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.r2699

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Development of a trapped Yb/sup +/ frequency standard: efficient quenching of population trapping

David J. Seidel, Lute Maleki

Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)Nov 19, 20020 citations

Efficient Quenching of Population Trapping in Excited Yb superscript

David J. Seidel, Lute Maleki

The efficiency of various buffer gases in quenching the population trapping states of laser excited ytterbium ions is described. Highly efficient in quenching the population of the trapping states, N subscript 2 has been identified as the most suitable buffer gas to use with ytterbium for the development i=of a trapped ion microwave frequency standard.

Jan 1, 19940 citations

Production of YbH+ by chemical reaction of Yb+ in excited states with H2 gas

Kazuhiko Sugiyama, Jun Yoda

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Disappearance of Trapped Yb+

Jun Yoda, Kazuhiko Sugiyama

Journal of Modern OpticsFeb 1, 199210 citations

Collisional population transfer in trapped Yb+ ions

Martin M. Schauer, James R. Danielson, Angela-Maithy N. Nguyen +3 more

Physical Review AJun 5, 200913 citations

F -state quenching with CH4 for buffer-gas cooled 171Y b+ frequency standard

Yuan‐Yu Jau, J. D. Hunker, Peter D. D. Schwindt

AIP AdvancesNov 1, 201513 citations

Physical Review A

Efficient quenching of population trapping in excited Yb+

David J. Seidel, Lute Maleki

Published Apr 1, 1995• 13 citations

Publisher

Abstract

^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}

transition was excited with 329-nm laser light. Buffer gases used include

{\mathrm{H}}_{2}

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}

, Ar, and He at several different pressure regimes. We have identified

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

to be highly efficient in quenching the population of the trapping states and thus be the most suitable buffer gas to use with ytterbium for the development of a trapped-ion microwave frequency standard.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.51.r2699

Related papers

Development of a trapped Yb/sup +/ frequency standard: efficient quenching of population trapping

David J. Seidel, Lute Maleki

We report on a study to determine the efficiency of various buffer gases in quenching the population trapping states of laser excited ytterbium ions. The ions were confined in an rf/dc hybrid trap, and their /sup 2/S/sub 1/2//spl hArr//sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ transition was excited with 329 nm laser light. Buffer gases used include H/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, Ar, and He at several different pressure regimes. We have identified N/sub 2/ to be highly efficient in quenching the population of the trapping states, and thus be the most suitable buffer gas to use with ytterbium for the development of a trapped ion microwave frequency standard.We report on a study to determine the efficiency of various buffer gases in quenching the population trapping states of laser excited ytterbium ions. The ions were confined in an rf/dc hybrid trap, and their /sup 2/S/sub 1/2//spl hArr//sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ transition was excited with 329 nm laser light. Buffer gases used include H/sub 2/, N/sub 2/, CO/sub 2/, Ar, and He at several different pressure regimes. We have identified N/sub 2/ to be highly efficient in quenching the population of the trapping states, and thus be the most suitable buffer gas to use with ytterbium for the development of a trapped ion microwave frequency standard.

Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)Nov 19, 20020 citations

Efficient Quenching of Population Trapping in Excited Yb superscript

David J. Seidel, Lute Maleki

Jan 1, 19940 citations

Production of YbH+ by chemical reaction of Yb+ in excited states with H2 gas

Kazuhiko Sugiyama, Jun Yoda

It is known that fluorescence of trapped ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ ions fades with continuous driving of the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ transition in the presence of buffer gases. This phenomenon has been interpreted as being caused by population trapping in the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{F}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ state of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ . As another cause of the fluorescence disappearance, we found the production of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ by chemical reaction of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ in excited states with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas. We found that the wavelengths of 369.482, 369.202, and 368.947 nm, formerly assigned as wavelengths for deexcitation of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ in the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{F}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ state to the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ ground state, are actually photodissociation lines of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ . The change of the resonance point of rf resonance absorption signals indicates the production and dissociation of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ ions. The production of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ may be a problem in establishing frequency standards using buffer-gas-cooled ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ , owing to difficulty in removing ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas from vacuum systems.It is known that fluorescence of trapped ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ ions fades with continuous driving of the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{2}$${\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ transition in the presence of buffer gases. This phenomenon has been interpreted as being caused by population trapping in the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{F}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ state of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ . As another cause of the fluorescence disappearance, we found the production of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ by chemical reaction of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ in excited states with ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas. We found that the wavelengths of 369.482, 369.202, and 368.947 nm, formerly assigned as wavelengths for deexcitation of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ in the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{F}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}$ state to the $^{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ ground state, are actually photodissociation lines of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ . The change of the resonance point of rf resonance absorption signals indicates the production and dissociation of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ ions. The production of ${\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}$ may be a problem in establishing frequency standards using buffer-gas-cooled ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}$ , owing to difficulty in removing ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ gas from vacuum systems.

Physical Review AJan 1, 1997291 citations

Disappearance of Trapped Yb+

Jun Yoda, Kazuhiko Sugiyama

The storage time of Yb+ ions trapped in an r.f. trap was determined by the rf resonance absorption method in the presence of buffer gas, without and with laser radiation of a frequency equal to the transition from the S1/2 ground state to the excited P1/2 state. The storage time of the ions with the buffer gas (presure between 1 × 10−4 and 4·2 × 10−4 Pa) was several hours without the laser radiation; this period was shortened to several hundred seconds by irradiation with a 500 nW laser source. This phenomenon shows that the trapped Yb+ ions disappeared from the trap as a result of irradiation with the resonance laser light.The storage time of Yb+ ions trapped in an r.f. trap was determined by the rf resonance absorption method in the presence of buffer gas, without and with laser radiation of a frequency equal to the transition from the S1/2 ground state to the excited P1/2 state. The storage time of the ions with the buffer gas (presure between 1 × 10−4 and 4·2 × 10−4 Pa) was several hours without the laser radiation; this period was shortened to several hundred seconds by irradiation with a 500 nW laser source. This phenomenon shows that the trapped Yb+ ions disappeared from the trap as a result of irradiation with the resonance laser light.

Journal of Modern OpticsFeb 1, 199210 citations

Collisional population transfer in trapped Yb+ ions

Martin M. Schauer, James R. Danielson, Angela-Maithy N. Nguyen +3 more

Long-lived metastable states of ${\text{Yb}}^{+}$ ions are used for atomic frequency standards, precision measurements, and quantum information research. The effect of population trapping and transfer in these states must be well understood. We report here the transfer of ${\text{Yb}}^{+}$ ions into the long-lived ${^{2}F}_{7/2}$ state by means of collisions between He buffer gas and ${\text{Yb}}^{+}$ ions held in a linear Paul trap. Transfer rates were measured as functions of buffer-gas pressure and repump-laser power, and the collisional population transfer rates were extracted. The measured transfer rate coefficients are $8.32(75)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ and $8.65(33)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}/\text{s}$ for the collisional processes ${^{2}P}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{2}D}_{5/2}$ and ${^{2}D}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{2}F}_{7/2}$, respectively.Long-lived metastable states of ${\text{Yb}}^{+}$ ions are used for atomic frequency standards, precision measurements, and quantum information research. The effect of population trapping and transfer in these states must be well understood. We report here the transfer of ${\text{Yb}}^{+}$ ions into the long-lived ${^{2}F}_{7/2}$ state by means of collisions between He buffer gas and ${\text{Yb}}^{+}$ ions held in a linear Paul trap. Transfer rates were measured as functions of buffer-gas pressure and repump-laser power, and the collisional population transfer rates were extracted. The measured transfer rate coefficients are $8.32(75)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ and $8.65(33)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}/\text{s}$ for the collisional processes ${^{2}P}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{2}D}_{5/2}$ and ${^{2}D}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{2}F}_{7/2}$, respectively.

Physical Review AJun 5, 200913 citations

F -state quenching with CH4 for buffer-gas cooled 171Y b+ frequency standard

Yuan‐Yu Jau, J. D. Hunker, Peter D. D. Schwindt

We report that methane, CH4, can be used as an efficient F-state quenching gas for trapped ytterbium ions. The quenching rate coefficient is measured to be (2.8 ± 0.3) × 106 s−1 Torr−1. For applications that use microwave hyperfine transitions of the ground-state 171Y b ions, the CH4 induced frequency shift coefficient and the decoherence rate coefficient are measured as δν/ν = (−3.6 ± 0.1) × 10−6 Torr−1 and 1/T2 = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 105 s−1 Torr−1. In our buffer-gas cooled 171Y b+ microwave clock system, we find that only ≤10−8 Torr of CH4 is required under normal operating conditions to efficiently clear the F-state and maintain ≥85% of trapped ions in the ground state with insignificant pressure shift and collisional decoherence of the clock resonance.We report that methane, CH4, can be used as an efficient F-state quenching gas for trapped ytterbium ions. The quenching rate coefficient is measured to be (2.8 ± 0.3) × 106 s−1 Torr−1. For applications that use microwave hyperfine transitions of the ground-state 171Y b ions, the CH4 induced frequency shift coefficient and the decoherence rate coefficient are measured as δν/ν = (−3.6 ± 0.1) × 10−6 Torr−1 and 1/T2 = (1.5 ± 0.2) × 105 s−1 Torr−1. In our buffer-gas cooled 171Y b+ microwave clock system, we find that only ≤10−8 Torr of CH4 is required under normal operating conditions to efficiently clear the F-state and maintain ≥85% of trapped ions in the ground state with insignificant pressure shift and collisional decoherence of the clock resonance.

AIP AdvancesNov 1, 201513 citations

^{2}$${\mathit{S}}_{1/2}$${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$${\mathit{P}}_{3/2}

transition was excited with 329-nm laser light. Buffer gases used include

{\mathrm{H}}_{2}

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}

, Ar, and He at several different pressure regimes. We have identified

{\mathrm{N}}_{2}

It is known that fluorescence of trapped

{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}

ions fades with continuous driving of the

^{2}

{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}

${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{2}$

{\mathrm{P}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}

transition in the presence of buffer gases. This phenomenon has been interpreted as being caused by population trapping in the

^{2}

{\mathrm{F}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}

state of

{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}

. As another cause of the fluorescence disappearance, we found the production of

{\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}

by chemical reaction of

{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}

in excited states with

{\mathrm{H}}_{2}

gas. We found that the wavelengths of 369.482, 369.202, and 368.947 nm, formerly assigned as wavelengths for deexcitation of

{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}

in the

^{2}

{\mathrm{F}}_{7\mathrm{/}2}

state to the

^{2}

{\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}

ground state, are actually photodissociation lines of

{\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}

. The change of the resonance point of rf resonance absorption signals indicates the production and dissociation of

{\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}

ions. The production of

{\mathrm{YbH}}^{+}

may be a problem in establishing frequency standards using buffer-gas-cooled

{\mathrm{Yb}}^{+}

, owing to difficulty in removing

{\mathrm{H}}_{2}

gas from vacuum systems.

Long-lived metastable states of

{\text{Yb}}^{+}

ions are used for atomic frequency standards, precision measurements, and quantum information research. The effect of population trapping and transfer in these states must be well understood. We report here the transfer of

{\text{Yb}}^{+}

ions into the long-lived

{^{2}F}_{7/2}

state by means of collisions between He buffer gas and

{\text{Yb}}^{+}

ions held in a linear Paul trap. Transfer rates were measured as functions of buffer-gas pressure and repump-laser power, and the collisional population transfer rates were extracted. The measured transfer rate coefficients are $8.32(75)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}$ and $8.65(33)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{3}/\text{s}$ for the collisional processes ${^{2}P}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{2}D}_{5/2}$ and ${^{2}D}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{^{2}F}_{7/2}$, respectively.