Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Letters

Single, trapped Sr^+ atom: laser cooling and quantum jumps by means of the 4d^2D_5/2–5s^2S_1/2 transition

Alan A. Madej, J. D. Sankey

Published May 15, 1990• 68 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A single Sr+ atom was confined in a radio-frequency quadrupole trap and laser cooled with resonant laser light. Examination of the transition Doppler profile indicated an ion kinetic temperature of less than 500 mK. Quantum jumps into and out of the metastable 4d(2)D(5/2) level were observed by laser excitation on the electric-quadrupole-allowed transition from the ground state at 674 nm. The dark and bright periods in the strong fluorescence showed variations owing to the applied driving field on the electric-quadrupole transition. These results provide an improved determination of tau = 372 +/- 25 msec for the natural metastable-state lifetime.

DOI
10.1364/ol.15.000634

Related papers

Observation of the 5s^2S_1/2−4d^2D_5/2 transition in a single laser-cooled trapped Sr^+ ion by using an all-solid-state system of lasers

G. P. Barwood, C. S. Edwards, Patrick Robert Gill +2 more

The first application, to our knowledge, of an all-solid-state system of lasers to the study of a single cooled trapped Sr(+) ion is described. Quantum jumps have been observed by driving the 674-nm 5s(2)S(1/2)-4d(2)D(5/2) transition, and preliminary observations of the line shape are reported. An upper limit for the temperature of a single ion, derived from the 674-nm linewidth, was 200 mK. If non-Doppler sources of broadening such as unresolved Zeeman structure dominate, then the temperature limit would be even lower.

Optics Letters•May 1, 1993•42 citations

Laser cooling and probing of a trapped strontium ion using all-solid-state lasers

G. P. Barwood, C. S. Edwards, Patrick Robert Gill +2 more

A single strontium ion confined within an rf quadrupole trap has been laser‐cooled and probed using all‐solid‐state lasers. Quantum jumps from the cold ion have been observed by driving the 674 nm 2S1/2‐2D5/2 transition. The 2D5/2‐state lifetime has been measured to be 347±33 ms in good agreement with previous measurements. Preliminary 674 nm lineshapes, constructed from quantum jump data, are presented, and their variation with residual micromotion and magnetic field discussed.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1993•8 citations

Laser cooling and quantum jumps of a single indium ion

E. Peik, Guenter Hollemann, HERBERT WALTHER

We performed laser spectroscopy of ${\mathrm{In}}^{+}$ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.

Physical Review A•Jan 1, 1994•104 citations

Laser cooling and quantum jumps of a single indium ion

E. Peik, Guenter Hollemann, HERBERT WALTHER

We performed laser spectroscopy of ${\mathrm{In}}^{+}$ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{1}$. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}${(}^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5${\mathit{s}}^{2}$ $^{1}$${\mathit{S}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p $^{3}$${\mathit{P}}_{0}$ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.

European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)•Aug 24, 2005•2 citations

Measurement of the Electric Quadrupole Moment of the 4d D5/22 Level in Sr+88

G. P. Barwood, Helen S. Margolis, Guozheng Huang +2 more

The quadrupole moment of the 4d (2)D(5/2) level in 88Sr+ has been measured to be 2.6(3)ea(2)(0), where a(0) is the Bohr radius and e the elementary charge. A single laser-cooled strontium ion was confined in an end cap trap with a variable dc quadrupole potential, and measurements were made on the 5s (2)S(1/2)-4d (2)D(5/2) transition at 674 nm using a femtosecond optical frequency comb. This work shows that measurements of the unperturbed 88Sr+ transition frequency with sub-Hz uncertainty are possible and is important in understanding the reproducibility of ion trap optical frequency standards.

Physical Review Letters•Sep 22, 2004•78 citations

Observation of Quantum Jumps in a Single Atom

Jonas Bergquist, Randall G. Hulet, Wayne M. Itano +1 more

We detect the radiatively driven electric quadrupole transition to the metastable $^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}$ state in a single, laser-cooled Hg II ion by monitoring the abrupt cessation of the fluorescence signal from the laser-excited $^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ first resonance line. When the ion "jumps" back from the metastable $D$ state to the ground $S$ state, the $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$ resonance fluorescence signal immediately returns. The statistical properties of the quantum jumps are investigated; for example, photon antibunching in the emission from the $D$ state is observed with 100% efficiency.

Physical Review Letters•Oct 6, 1986•722 citations
A single Sr+ atom was confined in a radio-frequency quadrupole trap and laser cooled with resonant laser light. Examination of the transition Doppler profile indicated an ion kinetic temperature of less than 500 mK. Quantum jumps into and out of the metastable 4d(2)D(5/2) level were observed by laser excitation on the electric-quadrupole-allowed transition from the ground state at 674 nm. The dark and bright periods in the strong fluorescence showed variations owing to the applied driving field on the electric-quadrupole transition. These results provide an improved determination of tau = 372 +/- 25 msec for the natural metastable-state lifetime.
The first application, to our knowledge, of an all-solid-state system of lasers to the study of a single cooled trapped Sr(+) ion is described. Quantum jumps have been observed by driving the 674-nm 5s(2)S(1/2)-4d(2)D(5/2) transition, and preliminary observations of the line shape are reported. An upper limit for the temperature of a single ion, derived from the 674-nm linewidth, was 200 mK. If non-Doppler sources of broadening such as unresolved Zeeman structure dominate, then the temperature limit would be even lower.
We performed laser spectroscopy of In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.
We performed laser spectroscopy of In+{\mathrm{In}}^{+}In+ ions stored in a radio-frequency trap. The 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ transition at 230.6 nm was excited and its hyperfine splitting and isotope shift have been measured. The lifetime of the 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​ state was measured using intensity modulated laser excitation: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​)=0.44(4) \ensuremath{\mu}s. A single indium ion was laser cooled using this intercombination line and dark periods in the fluorescence were observed when the metastable 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ state was populated by a magnetic dipole decay from 3^{3}3P1{\mathit{P}}_{1}P1​. The radiative lifetime of the forbidden transition 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​${\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}^{1}$S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​ was determined from the duration of the dark periods: \ensuremath{\tau}(3{(}^{3}(3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​)=0.14(2) s. This value is compared to calculations based on perturbation theory. Prospects for an optical frequency standard using the narrow 5s2{\mathit{s}}^{2}s2 1^{1}1S0{\mathit{S}}_{0}S0​\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5s5p 3^{3}3P0{\mathit{P}}_{0}P0​ resonance at 236.5 nm of a single laser-cooled indium ion are discussed.
The quadrupole moment of the 4d (2)D(5/2) level in 88Sr+ has been measured to be 2.6(3)ea(2)(0), where a(0) is the Bohr radius and e the elementary charge. A single laser-cooled strontium ion was confined in an end cap trap with a variable dc quadrupole potential, and measurements were made on the 5s (2)S(1/2)-4d (2)D(5/2) transition at 674 nm using a femtosecond optical frequency comb. This work shows that measurements of the unperturbed 88Sr+ transition frequency with sub-Hz uncertainty are possible and is important in understanding the reproducibility of ion trap optical frequency standards.
We detect the radiatively driven electric quadrupole transition to the metastable 2D52^{2}D_{\frac{5}{2}}2D25​​ state in a single, laser-cooled Hg II ion by monitoring the abrupt cessation of the fluorescence signal from the laser-excited $^{2}S_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ first resonance line. When the ion "jumps" back from the metastable DDD state to the ground SSS state, the $S\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P$ resonance fluorescence signal immediately returns. The statistical properties of the quantum jumps are investigated; for example, photon antibunching in the emission from the DDD state is observed with 100% efficiency.