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Japanese Journal of Applied Physics

Collisional Quenching Rates by He, N2 and CH4 for the 4D3/2 State in SrII

Iku Hirano, Jun Yoda, Feng-Lei Hong, Kenichiro Okumura, Atsushi Onae

Published Jun 1, 1999• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Sr+ ions were confined in a rf trap with buffer gases (He, N2 and CH4) at several different pressures, and the fluorescence from 5p 2 P 1/2 to 5s 2 S 1/2 was detected. Increasing in the fluorescence using a pump-back laser enabled the estimation of collisional quenching rates for the 4d 2 D 3/2 state of Sr+. They are 0.27, 0.83 and 2.3 in units of 10-16 m3 s-1 for He, N2 and CH4, respectively. The experimental collisional quenching rates were compared with the Langevin reaction rates obtained by the classical ion-molecule collision theory.

DOI
10.1143/jjap.38.3747

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Sr+ ions were confined in a rf trap with buffer gases (He, N2 and CH4) at several different pressures, and the fluorescence from 5p 2 P 1/2 to 5s 2 S 1/2 was detected. Increasing in the fluorescence using a pump-back laser enabled the estimation of collisional quenching rates for the 4d 2 D 3/2 state of Sr+. They are 0.27, 0.83 and 2.3 in units of 10-16 m3 s-1 for He, N2 and CH4, respectively. The experimental collisional quenching rates were compared with the Langevin reaction rates obtained by the classical ion-molecule collision theory.
Sr+ ions were confined in a rf trap with He buffer gas. Weak fluorescence from Sr+ ions was detected using a frequency-doubled semiconductor laser, a CW fiber laser (pump-back light) and the photon counting method. Increase in fluorescence using the pump-back laser enabled the determination of collisional quenching rates for the 4d2D3/2 state. A collisonal quenching rate of 6400(s-1Pa-1) was obtained. This result reveals that collisional quenching rate for the metastable state can be determined by using CW lasers instead of pulse lasers.
The collisional energy transfer process Rb(5PJ)+M,where M=He,N2 under gas cell conditions has been investigated.The Rb(5P3/2) state was excited by a diode laser,the laser is tuned slightly off resonance.The direct 5P3/2→5S1/2 fluorescence and the sensitized 5P1/2→5S1/2 fluorescence as a function of quenching gas pressure had been measured.For collision with He where only electronic to translational energy transfer is possible.However,in the N2 case,electronics to vibrational or rotational transfer is important.Using a two-state rate equation model the transfer rate coefficients from Rb(5PJ) had been obtained.The rate coefficient for 5P3/2→5P1/2 transfer in collision with He is 2.23×10-12 cm3 s-1.By comparing the relative fluorescence intensities for He and N2 case,and fitting the experimental results to the rate equation analysis,we estimate that the rate coefficient for 5P3/2→5P1/2 transfer in collision with N2 is 4.38×10-11 cm3 s-1.The quenching rate coefficient out of the 5PJ state is 5.45×10-11 cm3 s-1.The results are discussed in relation to those of other experiments.
A single Ba+{\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}Ba+ atom was confined in a radio-frequency ion trap and cooled by near-resonant laser light. Quantum jumps into and out of the metastable 5d 2D5/2^{2}D_{5/2}2D5/2​ level were observed that followed the expected exponential distribution in dark periods to good agreement. Measurement of quantum-jump distributions together with careful measurements of the absolute partial pressures of all residual gas species enabled accurate measurements of the quenched 5d 2D5/2^{2}D_{5/2}2D5/2​ lifetime as a function of quenching gas pressure. Measurements of quenching were observed at pressures where the mean collision rate was on the order of 1 ${\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The results yielded quenching rate constants for the metastable level for a series of gases that typically make up the residual gas environment of ultra-high-vacuum systems (H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​, He, CH4{\mathrm{CH}}_{4}CH4​, H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​O, CO, N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​, Ar, and CO2{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}CO2​) together with an improved value of the 52{5}^{2}52D5/2{\mathrm{D}}_{5/2}D5/2​ radiative lifetime of t0{t}_{0}t0​=34.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.5 s. The above quenching rate constants were then compared with classical ion-molecule collision theory. It was found that the quenching rates for molecular gases were comparable to the classical collision rates, while the rates for atomic gases were considerably lower.
The collisional energy transfer process Rb(5PJ)+M, where M= He, N2, under gas cell conditions has been investigated. The Rb(5P3/2) state was excited by a diode laser. The direct 5P3/2-->5S1/2 fluorescence and the sensitized 5P1/2-->5S1/2 fluorescence as a function of quenching gas pressure were measured. The 5P3/2 and 5P1/2 states are separated by 238 cm(-1). The closest other states are >6500 cm(-1) or >28 KT. Neglect of these other states should be an excellent approximation. In the experiment the Rb density was 4.5 x 10(11) cm(-3). Using radiation trapping theory the effective radiative rate=Gammae5P3/2-->5S1/2 2.47 x 10(7) s(-1) was obtained. For quenching by He only electronic to translational energy transfer is possible. However, in the N2 case, electronic to vibrational or rotational transfer is important. The Rb(5P3/2) state is 13 cm(-1) lower than the N2[X'Sigmag+ (V= 5, J= 11)]state; this energy gap is near resonant. The authors have not attempted to directly observe this possible E-R quenching channel Using a two-state rate equation model the transfer rate coefficients from Rb(5PJ) were obtained. The rate coefficient (k21He) for 5P3/2-->5P1/2 transfer in collision with He is 2.61 x 10(-12) cm3 x s(-1). By comparing the direct and sensitized fluorescence intensities for He and N2 case, and fitting the experimental results to the rate equation analysis, the authors estimate that the rate coefficient (k21N2) for 5P3/2-5P1/2 transfer in collision with N2 is 2.36 x 10(-11) cm3 x s(-1). The E-V quenching rate coefficient (kN2) of the 5PJ state is 1.44 x 10(-10) cm3 x s(-1). The authors found find that the rate coefficient kN2 is about 6 times larger than the k21N2. The assumption that the Cs-N2 energy transfer occurs primarily in collinear collision geometry is supported. The results are discussed in relation to those of other experiments.
We report on a study to determine the efficiency of various buffer gases in quenching the population trapping states of laser-excited ytterbium ions. The ions were confined in an rf-dc hybrid trap, and their 2^{2}2S1/2{\mathit{S}}_{1/2}S1/2​${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\leftrightarrows}}}^{2}$P3/2{\mathit{P}}_{3/2}P3/2​ transition was excited with 329-nm laser light. Buffer gases used include H2{\mathrm{H}}_{2}H2​, N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​, CO2{\mathrm{CO}}_{2}CO2​, Ar, and He at several different pressure regimes. We have identified N2{\mathrm{N}}_{2}N2​ to be highly efficient in quenching the population of the trapping states and thus be the most suitable buffer gas to use with ytterbium for the development of a trapped-ion microwave frequency standard.
Measurements of the mixing rates and cross sections for collisional excitation transfer between the 5P 1/2 and 5P 3/2 states of rubidium (Rb) in the presence of 4 He buffer gas are presented. Selected pulses from a high repetition rate, mode-locked femtosecond laser are used to excite either Rb state with the fluorescence due to collisional excitation transfer observed by time-correlated single-photon counting. The time dependence of this fluorescence is fitted to the solution of rate equations which include the mixing rate, atomic lifetimes and any quenching processes. The variation in the mixing rate over a large range of buffer gas densities allows the determination of both the binary collisional transfer cross section and a three-body collisional transfer rate. We do not observe any collisional quenching effects at 4 He pressures up to 6 atm and discuss in detail other systematic effects considered in the experiment.