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AIP conference proceedings

Dynamics of InP∕(Ga,In)P quantum-dot single-photon emitters

A. K. Nowak, María Dolores Martín, E. Gallardo, Herko P. van der Meulen, L. Viña, J. M. Calleja, Jose María Ripalda, Luisa González, Yolanda Gonzalez, Jisoon Ihm, Hyeonsik Cheong

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The dynamics of single photon emitters based on InP/(Ga,In)P quantum dots (QDs) has been studied by time‐resolved photo luminescence (TRPL) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) up to 50 K. The increase of temperature produces marked effects on the exciton photoluminescence (PL) decay time (τX) and on the anti‐bunching time (τR) in the second order photon correlation function. Both times are found to depend on the QD size. A competition of the thermally activated Dark‐to‐Bright (D→B) exciton transition and the thermal excitation of the carriers to‐ and from the QD give a good qualitative understanding of the observed results. Resonant excitation at the QD p‐states produces a marked decrease of τR together with the appearance of time bunching in a longer time scale.

DOI
10.1063/1.3666509

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The dynamics of single photon emitters based on InP/(Ga,In)P quantum dots (QDs) has been studied by time‐resolved photo luminescence (TRPL) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) up to 50 K. The increase of temperature produces marked effects on the exciton photoluminescence (PL) decay time (τX) and on the anti‐bunching time (τR) in the second order photon correlation function. Both times are found to depend on the QD size. A competition of the thermally activated Dark‐to‐Bright (D→B) exciton transition and the thermal excitation of the carriers to‐ and from the QD give a good qualitative understanding of the observed results. Resonant excitation at the QD p‐states produces a marked decrease of τR together with the appearance of time bunching in a longer time scale.
Single photon emitters based on InP/GaInP quantum dots have been studied under p -shell excitation by time-resolved photoluminescence and photon correlation spectroscopy. By tuning the excitation energy in resonance with quantum dot excited states, we observe a marked decrease of the antibunching time as a result of the increased excitation rate for decreasing energy detuning. A similar behavior is observed by increasing the pump power. The spectral dependence of the antibunching rate follows the energy profile of the excited state, as measured by photoluminescence excitation.
Single photon emission is one of the most striking optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and the corresponding photon anti-bunching effect was observed by non-resonant and resonant photoluminescence experiments in single QDs [1,2]. Up to now, all the measurements reported in the literature focus on the incoherent photoluminescence signal for achieving single photon emission. In this regime, the linewidth of the photoluminescence spectrum is limited to the so-called radiative limit. In this paper, we report on the resonant emission (RE) of the exciton in single InAs/GaAs QDs embedded in a planar microcavity [2]. We present an original type of single photon source based on the coherent laser light scattering by a single QD [3]. Besides the antibunching effect showing the nonclassical nature of the emitted light, we observe that the QD emission spectrum is determined by the spectrum of the resonant excitation laser. Figure (a,b,c) shows high-resolution measurements by Fourier transform spectroscopy of the RE where the data are fitted to the first-order correlation function g(1)(τ) of the RE of a two-level system. The inverse Fourier transform of the g(1)(τ) function allows a direct comparison of the different RE emission profiles in figure (d,e,f). By reducing the resonant excitation power, the Mollow triplet shrinks to a single narrow Lorentzian line, while the relative intensity of this narrow peak increases and tends to overwhelm the RE spectrum. This implies that single QDs can produce single photons with a coherence time that is not limited anymore by the QD electronic properties, resulting in an ultra-coherent character [3]. References [1] P. Michler et al, Science 290, 2282 (2000). [2] H. S. Nguyen et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. (accepted, in press). See arXiv 1109.4304. [3] H. S. Nguyen et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261904 (2011).
Single photon emission is one of the most striking optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), and the corresponding photon anti-bunching effect was observed by non-resonant and resonant photoluminescence experiments in single QDs [1,2,3,4]. Other experiments demonstrated the possibility to use single QDs for the generation of indistinguishable single photons [3]. An important general issue is to reach the so-called fundamental radiative limit. Several strategies have been followed in that sense such as the shortening of population lifetime induced by the Purcell effect [5] or the reduction of pure dephasing by resonant excitation [2,3,4]. Up to now, all the measurements reported in the literature focus on the incoherent photoluminescence signal for achieving single photon emission. In this regime, the linewidth of the photoluminescence spectrum is always limited to the radiative limit. In this paper, we report on the resonant emission (RE) of the exciton in single InAs/GaAs QDs embedded in a planar microcavity, in an orthogonal excitation-detection geometry [4]. We present an original type of single photon source based on the coherent laser light scattering by a single QD [6]. Besides the antibunching effect showing the non-classical nature of the emitted light, we observe that the QD emission spectrum is determined by the spectrum of the resonant excitation laser. We present high-resolution measurements by Fourier transform spectroscopy of the RE where the data are fitted to the first-order correlation function g(1)(τ) of the RE of a two-level system. The inverse Fourier transform of the g(1)(τ) function allows a direct comparison of the different RE emission profiles. We show that, by reducing the resonant excitation power, the so-called Mollow triplet shrinks to a single narrow Lorentzian line, while the relative intensity of this narrow peak increases and tends to overwhelm the RE spectrum. This implies that single QDs can produce single photons with a coherence time that is not limited anymore by the QD electronic properties, resulting in an ultra-coherent character [6]. In conclusion, the resulting " ultra-coherent single photon source " promises high degrees of indistinguishability of the emitted photons which is a crucial requirement for quantum information applications. [1] P. Michler et al., Science 290, 2282 (2000). [2] A. Muller et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 187402 (2007). [3] S. Ates et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 167402 (2009). [4] H. S. Nguyen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 057401 (2012). [5] C. Santori et al., Nature 419, 594 (2002). [6] H. S. Nguyen et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 261904 (2011).
Abstract We present the results of systematic autocorrelation and cross‐correlation measurements performed on photons originating from various excitonic transitions in a single CdTe/ZnTe quantum dot (QD). Excitation power dependence of photoluminescence intensity was also measured on the same dot under the same experimental conditions. Recorded correlation histograms have provided evidence for memory effects in QD photoluminescence extending over a few excitation periods. Rate equation model assuming a ladder of states and excitation through a single carrier and exciton capture, is fitted to the data. As a consequence, simultaneous quantitative description of the results of both, correlation and power dependence, is obtained. Strong evidence is presented for a QD excitation by capture of single carriers rather than entire excitons. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In this paper we report recent results on single-photon generation with single InP and CdSe quantum dots. These dots produce single-photons on demand in the visible spectral range 510–690 nm. The emitted photoluminescence was characterized by measuring the autocorrelation function and by performing Fourier spectroscopy on several transitions in the quantum dot. We present the observation and interpretation of carrier trapping and recapture in InP quantum dots which leads to anomalies in the measured correlation functions. Our interpretation is confirmed by numerical simulations based on a rate equation model.