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Optics Express

Fast light in silicon ring resonator with resonance-splitting

Qiang Li, Ziyang Zhang, Jing Wang, Min Qiu, Yikai Su

Published Jan 13, 2009• 59 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report experimental demonstration of fast light in an over-coupled ultra-compact silicon ring resonator with resonance-splitting. Strong mutual-coupling induced by the grating inside the ring leads to split resonances and accompanying large anomalous dispersion, thus providing a new approach to realizing fast light in the over-coupled region of the ring resonator. In the experiment, a maximum pulse advancement of 130 ps with low distortion is achieved for a 1-ns signal pulse in a 10-mum-radius silicon ring resonator. The observed pulse advancement agrees well with the theoretical calculation based on coupled mode theory.

DOI
10.1364/oe.17.000933

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We report experimental demonstration of fast light in an over-coupled ultra-compact silicon ring resonator with resonance-splitting. Strong mutual-coupling induced by the grating inside the ring leads to split resonances and accompanying large anomalous dispersion, thus providing a new approach to realizing fast light in the over-coupled region of the ring resonator. In the experiment, a maximum pulse advancement of 130 ps with low distortion is achieved for a 1-ns signal pulse in a 10-mum-radius silicon ring resonator. The observed pulse advancement agrees well with the theoretical calculation based on coupled mode theory.
The inverted spectral structure of coupled-resonator-induced transparency was experimentally demonstrated using an amplifying optical ring resonator, to which another dark ring resonator was coupled. A nonamplifying spectral window was induced by the dark resonator in an otherwise strongly amplifying spectral region. Within the induced window, sharp anomalous dispersion was expected. Propagation of nearly Gaussian-shaped optical pulses was observed; the pulses propagated through the amplifying medium with a negative delay of $\ensuremath{-}$20.8 ns, without significant amplification, attenuation, or pulse deformation. The inverted induced-transparency system, producing tunable fast light, is a complementary system to traditional induced-transparency systems that produce slow light and could be potentially useful in numerous applications.
In the paper, Coupled-resonator-induced-transparency (CRIT) phenomenon in a novel integrated on-chip optical resonator system is experimentally demonstrated. The system is composed of a four-ring resonator with 20 μm diameter on silicon, whose spectrum has a narrow transparency peak with low group velocity. The CRIT effect is observed in the optical coupled-resonator due to the classical destructive interference. This system can be used to study the slow and fast light experiments because of its simplicity and flexibility. In this work, a CRIT resonance with a quality factor of 7.2×104is demonstrated with the same cavity size and the power coupling of the system is 60%, which agree well with the theoretical analysis. The through and drop transmission spectra of the resonator are coincided well with each other.
We report the experimental observation of dispersion transition from abnormal dispersion (fast light) to normal dispersion (slow light) in a side-coupled ring resonator. We reveal that the transition from fast light to slow light can occur, when the tuned loss of the resonator results in the experience from the undercoupled regime to the overcoupled regime. Also, we experimentally fabricate the fiber side-coupled ring resonator, and measure the group delay of the resonator by coupling the resonator to a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The measured experimental results demonstrate the dispersion transition, and are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical results. The sidecoupled resonator with the tunable dispersion (group delay) can exploited for optical storage devices, slow light Fourier transform (FT) interferometric spectrometers, white light cavities (WLCs), optical switches, optical routers, and optical sensors.
Transfer matrix method (TMM) was used to study the phenomena of ‘slow’- and ‘fast’-light in a single two-port ring-resonator (TPRR) circuit theoretically. Their classifications into ‘slow’- and ‘fast’-light with negative and positive group velocity (v_g), where ‘slow’ means |v_g|<c and ‘fast’ means |v_g|>c, will be introduced. The role of such phenomena in controlling light-matter interaction and pulse delay/’advancement’ will be discussed. Direct experimental observations on pulse temporal behaviors in the regimes of ‘slow’- and ‘fast’-light with negative and positive v_g will be demonstrated, showing large and small pulse ‘advancement’ and delay, respectively. Pulse splitting phenomenon as a transition from a highly delayed to a highly ‘advanced’ pulse and vice versa, will also be experimentally demonstrated. Theoretical simulations on the pulse delay and ‘advancement’ based on the TMM and Fourier transform, which show a good qualitative agreement to the experimental results, will also be presented. The exploitation of ‘slow’-light, either with positive or negative v_g for enhancing light-matter interaction will be discussed through evaluating their effects to the performance of integrated-optical refractometric sensor. It will be shown that when the light is ‘slow’, either with negative or positive v_g, there is enhancement of the sensor sensitivity. An integrated-optical sensor which exploits such properties and exhibits sensitivity of one order better than the present day state-of-the-art commercial Mach-Zehnder interferometer refractometric sensor, will be presented.
We predict the propagation of slow and fast light in two co-resonant coupled optical resonators. In coupled resonators, slow light can propagate without attenuation by a cancellation of absorption as a result of mode splitting and destructive interference, whereas transparent fast light propagation can be achieved by the assistance of gain and splitting of the intracavity resonances, which consequently change the dispersion from normal to anomalous. The effective steady-state response of coupled-resonators is derived using the temporal coupled-mode formalism, and the absorptive and dispersive responses are described. Specifically, the occurrence of slow light via coupled-resonator-induced transparency and gain-assisted fast light are discussed.