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Physical Review A

Inverted coupled-resonator-induced transparency

Tohru Oishi, Makoto Tomita

Published Jul 9, 2013• 19 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The inverted spectral structure of coupled-resonator-induced transparency was experimentally demonstrated using an amplifying optical ring resonator, to which another dark ring resonator was coupled. A nonamplifying spectral window was induced by the dark resonator in an otherwise strongly amplifying spectral region. Within the induced window, sharp anomalous dispersion was expected. Propagation of nearly Gaussian-shaped optical pulses was observed; the pulses propagated through the amplifying medium with a negative delay of $\ensuremath{-}$20.8 ns, without significant amplification, attenuation, or pulse deformation. The inverted induced-transparency system, producing tunable fast light, is a complementary system to traditional induced-transparency systems that produce slow light and could be potentially useful in numerous applications.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.88.013813

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The inverted spectral structure of coupled-resonator-induced transparency was experimentally demonstrated using an amplifying optical ring resonator, to which another dark ring resonator was coupled. A nonamplifying spectral window was induced by the dark resonator in an otherwise strongly amplifying spectral region. Within the induced window, sharp anomalous dispersion was expected. Propagation of nearly Gaussian-shaped optical pulses was observed; the pulses propagated through the amplifying medium with a negative delay of \ensuremath−\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath−20.8 ns, without significant amplification, attenuation, or pulse deformation. The inverted induced-transparency system, producing tunable fast light, is a complementary system to traditional induced-transparency systems that produce slow light and could be potentially useful in numerous applications.
Inverted coupled-resonator-induced transparency eliminates amplification as a result of destructive interference between two competing excitation pathways and induces a ``nonamplifying'' transparency window in an otherwise strongly amplifying spectral region. Using coupled ring resonators as a model system, we systematically examined the transition from inverted induced transparency to Autler-Townes splitting (ATS) by controlling the coupling strength between two resonators. The inverted induced transparency spectrum transitioned into different ATS spectra depending on the parameters of the resonators. We also examined the transition that occurs when the second resonator has gain. In this case, the system showed enhanced transparency, in which the intensity of the induced window was much greater than the incident laser level.
We performed optical pulse propagation experiments in a system in which two ultrahigh-Q silica microspheres of different diameters were coupled in tandem to a fiber taper to yield coupled-resonator-induced transparency. Nearly Gaussian-shaped optical pulses propagated with a large positive delay of 8.5 ns through a transparent frequency window, without significant attenuation, amplification, or pulse deformation, demonstrating classical analogy of the extremely slow light obtained with electromagnetically induced transparency.
We experimentally investigated optical pulse propagation through an amplifying ring resonator, in which a semiconductor optical amplifier was used as a loss or gain medium. Initially, the transmission intensity showed resonance dips as a function of laser frequency. These dips were gradually filled and transformed into resonance peaks as the amplification gain increased. A Gaussian-shaped temporal pulse was either advanced by −7.3 ns at low amplification gain or delayed up to 45 ns at high gain. System operation was classified into a complete set of the four regions depending on the gain parameter, and experimental delay times were analyzed based on relevant system dispersion.
Metamaterials, or artificial materials with optical properties not known for natural materials, have recently been used to demonstrate unusual optical phenomena, such as negative refraction, perfect lenses, subwavelength components, and electromagnetic invisibility cloaks. Most of the metamaterials designed to date are periodic structures containing a single resonating element in each unit cell, such as a split-ring resonator (SRR), a cutwire, or a slab-wire pair [1]. In this contribution, we demonstrate that a metamaterial with two coupled SRRs can exhibit an effect reminiscent of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), a coherent process normally observed in three-level atomic media [2]. Due to this process, a small transparency window with low absorption appears in the spectral response of the metamaterial. Simultaneously, extremely steep normal dispersion is observed in the transparency window, which is useful for slow-light applications.
We predict the propagation of slow and fast light in two co-resonant coupled optical resonators. In coupled resonators, slow light can propagate without attenuation by a cancellation of absorption as a result of mode splitting and destructive interference, whereas transparent fast light propagation can be achieved by the assistance of gain and splitting of the intracavity resonances, which consequently change the dispersion from normal to anomalous. The effective steady-state response of coupled-resonators is derived using the temporal coupled-mode formalism, and the absorptive and dispersive responses are described. Specifically, the occurrence of slow light via coupled-resonator-induced transparency and gain-assisted fast light are discussed.