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physica status solidi (b)

Coherent exciton–photon interaction and pulse propagation effects of bound exciton states in CdS

Marcus Jütte, H. Stolz, Wolf von der Osten

Published Mar 1, 1995• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Measuring the transform‐limited time‐resolved spectrum of a coherent laser pulse allows one to determine the amplitude and phase of the pulse electric field. From the reshaping of pulses transmitted through a thin semiconductor platelet in resonance with an exciton transition in case of the donor bound exciton in CdS the effects of coherent exciton–photon interaction for different laser intensities can be studied. While at low intensities the expected polariton beating connected with the formation of a 0π‐pulse is observed, at sufficiently high intensities changes in the pulse shape occur that are ascribed to self‐induced transparency of the bound exciton states.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2221880130

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Summary form only given. High-intensity pulse propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in optically thick semiconductor crystals can lead to self-induced transmission when the laser is tuned to a free exciton resonance. This effect means that at intensities on the order of MW/cm/sup 2/, pulses in the subpicosecond range lead to Rabi flopping of the carrier density. This causes the pulses to break up temporally after long-distance coherent propagation. The effect depends strongly on the coherence of the incident light field with the polarization of the exciton transition created in the semiconductor. Despite the expected excitation-induced dephasing, a large amount of coherent nonlinear transmission and a high contrast ratio of the Rabi flops are found at sample temperatures /spl les/10 K. In order to study the dynamics of the coherently driven polarization and the dependence on external dephasing, we introduced phonon-scattering by raising the temperature of our samples. The experiments were conducted with 800 fs pulses of an optical parametric amplifier in epitaxially grown CdSe. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that the coherent coupling of the free carrier polarization to the driving field of a high-intensity subpicosecond pulse with an area larger than /spl pi/ effectively prevents the expected dephasing by carrier-carrier scattering. Opening an additional dephasing channel by introducing phonon-scattering gradually weakens the coupling and suppresses characteristic features of self-induced transmission.

Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference•Nov 13, 2002•0 citations
Abstract Measuring the transform‐limited time‐resolved spectrum of a coherent laser pulse allows one to determine the amplitude and phase of the pulse electric field. From the reshaping of pulses transmitted through a thin semiconductor platelet in resonance with an exciton transition in case of the donor bound exciton in CdS the effects of coherent exciton–photon interaction for different laser intensities can be studied. While at low intensities the expected polariton beating connected with the formation of a 0π‐pulse is observed, at sufficiently high intensities changes in the pulse shape occur that are ascribed to self‐induced transparency of the bound exciton states.
Pulse propagation experiments are performed with coherent picosecond laser pulses in resonance with the donor bound A-exciton (I2) state in CdS. Using bandwidth-limited time-resolved spectroscopy, we investigate the intensity of the transmitted laser pulse as a function of monochromator energy position and time. This method permits the determination of both the amplitude and the phase of the complex electric-field amplitude. Studying the dependence of pulse propagation on the input intensity, for small-area pulses we found at the rear of the sample the spectral hole formation and beating characteristic of a 0π pulse. At large pulse areas close to 2π the pulse propagates nearly unperturbed, showing no oscillatory reshaping or significant absorption losses. This provides clear evidence for self-induced transparency at an excitonic state in solids. Our interpretation is substantiated by an analysis within the framework of the combined Maxwell and optical Bloch equations.
The propagation of small-area picosecond pulses of coherent light in resonance with the I 2 bound-exciton line in CdS is investigated. The observed strong reshaping of the pulses in form of propagation beats is consistent with the concomitantly measured hole formation in the pulse spectrum. By employing transform-limited time-resolved spectroscopy the complex amplitude of the transmitted optical field can be reconstructed. This allows to identify the beats as amplitude oscillations and phase changes by π characteristic of 0π pulse formation.
We report the first observation of quantum beats in the resonance fluorescence of a bound exciton in a semiconductor, the ionized-donor exciton complex in CdS. Measurements of the polarization behavior and magnetic-field dependence of the beats permitted a detailed investigation of strain effects and magneto-optical parameters of the states. From the damping of the beats, coherence times of the order of several hundreds of picoseconds are deduced. For the neutral-donor and -acceptor bound exciton states, very rapid dephasing with coherence times of the order of 20 ps is found.
The form invariant coherent pulse propagation in semiconductors excited at 1s-exciton resonance is studied analytically using the reduced semiconductor Maxwell-Bloch equations. The sech-shaped pulse solution for excitonic self-induced transparency (SIT) is presented, showing significant difference in comparison with the well known SIT solution for non-interacting two-level systems. In contrast to 2π pulses in atomic systems, the phenomenon of SIT of interacting excitons in semiconductors occurs for the pulses of area 1.07π. Possible applications of the SIT solitons in semiconductor all-optical switching devices are discussed.
Summary form only given. High-intensity pulse propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in optically thick semiconductor crystals can lead to self-induced transmission when the laser is tuned to a free exciton resonance. This effect means that at intensities on the order of MW/cm/sup 2/, pulses in the subpicosecond range lead to Rabi flopping of the carrier density. This causes the pulses to break up temporally after long-distance coherent propagation. The effect depends strongly on the coherence of the incident light field with the polarization of the exciton transition created in the semiconductor. Despite the expected excitation-induced dephasing, a large amount of coherent nonlinear transmission and a high contrast ratio of the Rabi flops are found at sample temperatures /spl les/10 K. In order to study the dynamics of the coherently driven polarization and the dependence on external dephasing, we introduced phonon-scattering by raising the temperature of our samples. The experiments were conducted with 800 fs pulses of an optical parametric amplifier in epitaxially grown CdSe. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that the coherent coupling of the free carrier polarization to the driving field of a high-intensity subpicosecond pulse with an area larger than /spl pi/ effectively prevents the expected dephasing by carrier-carrier scattering. Opening an additional dephasing channel by introducing phonon-scattering gradually weakens the coupling and suppresses characteristic features of self-induced transmission.