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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Polarisation dependence in three-level atom resonance fluorescence

R. L. Kornblith, Joseph H. Eberly

Published May 14, 1978• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The resonance fluorescence from a three-level atom irradiated by a monochromatic laser is studied. Detailed spectra are calculated by using the Heisenberg source-field approach, and introducing Liouvillian space techniques. It is predicted that in the steady-state limit the fluorescence from an atom having two closely spaced excited states will have an anisotropically polarised seven-line spectrum. Graphs are shown of the predicted spectra in the case of on-resonance excitation and of far off-resonance excitation.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/11/9/009

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The resonance fluorescence from a three-level atom irradiated by a monochromatic laser is studied. Detailed spectra are calculated by using the Heisenberg source-field approach, and introducing Liouvillian space techniques. It is predicted that in the steady-state limit the fluorescence from an atom having two closely spaced excited states will have an anisotropically polarised seven-line spectrum. Graphs are shown of the predicted spectra in the case of on-resonance excitation and of far off-resonance excitation.
We consider the possible physical processes that may arise in a three-level atom when only two of its levels interact with a strong electromagnetic field and when the atomic transition frequency is nearly equal to once and twice the frequency of the laser field, respectively. There have been found pronounced cooperative effects in the spectrum of the two-level system, which is in resonance with the laser field, arising from the presence of the third level. The excitation spectra describing the transitions from the first excited state into the second excited state and from that to the ground state consist, apart from the two central peaks, of two pairs of sidebands which are induced by the laser field of the neighbouring system. Detailed expressions of the spectral functions for the physical processes of one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence have been derived and discussed in the limit of high photon densities. The excitation spectrum of the low frequency modes has been considered and discussed in detail. It is found that quantum beats in spontaneous emission may appear in the spectra of the one- and two-photon resonance fluorescence arising from the interference between the two atomic transition frequencies and the frequency of the laser field. The importance of the low frequency modes that occur in the processes in question has been pointed out.
The resonance fluorescence spectra of a degenerate three-level atom of the V -type in the field of an intense monochromatic wave with an arbitrary polarization composition are investigated. Analytical expressions are derived for the resonance fluorescence spectra, and the angular distribution of spontaneous fluorescence of atoms is analyzed for the D -line emitted by vapors of alkali atoms. It is shown that the number of lines in the spectrum may decrease in the case of the linear polarization of spontaneous radiation. The radiation relaxation operator is obtained for the D -line of alkali metals in the case when an atom is near the metal surface. Interference effects for such systems are analyzed.
A complete and detailed treatment of a three-level atom interacting with two near-resonant monochromatic fields is presented. It is assumed that the only damping mechanism is radiative damping, and that the atoms all have the same resonance frequencies, as is the case in an atomic beam. Detailed analytic solutions as well as numerical examples are determined from quantum-electrodynamic equations of motion. In addition, approximation techniques are presented which allow one to get accurate quantitative predictions for strong applied fields from simple rate-equation-like arguments. Absorption and emission spectra are determined, as are the transient and steady-state response of the atom. Two of the more interesting predictions are an emission spectrum containing up to seven components and a prediction of steady-state populations larger than 0.5 in the second excited state.
Resonance fluorescence by an atom near the surface of a phase conjugator is studied. The atom is irradiated by a finite-linewidth laser beam, and the bandwidth is modelled by a randomly fluctuating phase. Expressions for the steady-state atomic density operator and the resonance fluorescence spectrum are obtained. For a small laser linewidth the spectrum contains two delta peaks: the usual peak at the laser frequency and its phase-conjugate image. In the limit of separated lines the spectrum consists of the Mollow triplet and its phase-conjugate replica. In the image triplet the positions of the fluorescence line and the three-photon line are reversed, as compared with the original triplet. Also, the intensity of the image spectrum is distributed differently over the three lines.
We have studied the fluorescence spectra arising from the interaction of a three-level atom with two strong electromagnetic fields whose initially populated modes are equal to the two atomic transition frequencies, respectively. The Green's function formalism has been used to calculate the excitation spectrum of the system. An expression for the spectral function describing the excitation spectrum of the system has been derived in a closed form in the limit of high photon densities. Numerical computation of the expression for the spectral function indicates that at each transition frequency there may exist either one pair or two pairs or three pairs of sidebands, in addition to the central peak, depending upon the relative strength of the Rabi frequencies involved.