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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Resonance fluorescence spectrum of an atom near a phase conjugator

Henk F. Arnoldus, Thomas F. George

Published Jun 14, 1991• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Resonance fluorescence by an atom near the surface of a phase conjugator is studied. The atom is irradiated by a finite-linewidth laser beam, and the bandwidth is modelled by a randomly fluctuating phase. Expressions for the steady-state atomic density operator and the resonance fluorescence spectrum are obtained. For a small laser linewidth the spectrum contains two delta peaks: the usual peak at the laser frequency and its phase-conjugate image. In the limit of separated lines the spectrum consists of the Mollow triplet and its phase-conjugate replica. In the image triplet the positions of the fluorescence line and the three-photon line are reversed, as compared with the original triplet. Also, the intensity of the image spectrum is distributed differently over the three lines.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/24/11/008

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Resonance fluorescence by an atom near the surface of a phase conjugator is studied. The atom is irradiated by a finite-linewidth laser beam, and the bandwidth is modelled by a randomly fluctuating phase. Expressions for the steady-state atomic density operator and the resonance fluorescence spectrum are obtained. For a small laser linewidth the spectrum contains two delta peaks: the usual peak at the laser frequency and its phase-conjugate image. In the limit of separated lines the spectrum consists of the Mollow triplet and its phase-conjugate replica. In the image triplet the positions of the fluorescence line and the three-photon line are reversed, as compared with the original triplet. Also, the intensity of the image spectrum is distributed differently over the three lines.
The effects of different laser line shapes on the intensity and spectrum of resonance fluorescence from a two-level atom are investigated. The laser model considered is that of an ideal single-mode laser operating high above threshold, with constant amplitude and undergoing phase-frequency fluctuations analogous to Brownian motion. As the correlation time of the frequency fluctuations increases from zero to infinity, the laser line shape changes from Lorentzian to Gaussian in a continuous way. It is shown that for intermediate and strong fields, the average intensity of fluorescence in the case of a resonant broadband Lorentzian line shape is higher than that in the case of a Gaussian line shape with the same bandwidth and total power. This is in contrast to the weak-field case where the higher peak power of the Gaussian line shape makes it more effective than the Lorentzian line shape. It is also shown that in the case of a nonzero frequency correlation time (non-Lorentzian line shape) the intensity of fluorescence undergoes non-Markovian fluctuations. In relation to the spectrum of resonance fluorescence, it is shown that as the line shape is varied from Lorentzian to Gaussian the following changes take place: In the case of off-resonance excitation, the asymmetry of the spectrum decreases. In the case of resonant excitation, the center-peak to side-peak height ratio for the triplet structure increases. Moreover, the recently predicted center-line dip, which develops in the spectrum in the case of broadband excitation when the Rabi frequency and the bandwidth are nearly equal, becomes increasingly deeper.
The effect of the laser linewidth on the resonance fluorescence spectrum of a two-level atom is revisited. The novel spectral features, such as hole-burning and dispersive profiles at line centre of the fluorescence spectrum are predicted when the laser linewidth is much greater than its intensity. The unique features result from quantum interference between different dressed-state transition channels. c # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. PACS : 42.50.Hz; 32.80.-t Keywords: Resonance fluorescence; Laser linewidth; Quantum interference The study of resonance fluorescence spectra has provided much fundamental insight into the subject of atom1light interactions. It is well known that for weak laser field excitation, the spectrum exhibits a Lorentzian lineshape, whereas it develops into the Mollow triplet for strong field excitation [1]. The latter is a direct signature of stimulated emissions and absorptions of the atom during the time interval for one spontaneous decay. Recently, considera...
Fluorescence from a coherently driven two-level atom that is damped by a squeezed vacuum is studied. We show that the mean atomic polarization depends on the relative phases of the squeezed vacuum and the coherent driving field. The fluorescent spectrum is calculated and shows several modifications over the spectrum for normal resonance fluorescence. In particular, the central peak of the Mollow triplet has a linewidth that depends on the phase of the driving field. For strong squeezing this peak can either be much narrower or much broader than the natural linewidth of the atom.
Spontaneous emission of fluorescence radiation by an atom near the surface of a four-wave mixing phase conjugator is considered. It is shown that the spectral photon distribution consists of two Lorentzians, which have their peaks symmetrically located at the two sides of the pump frequency ¯ω of the nonlinear crystal. With ω0 the atomic resonance, the line at 2¯ω−ω0 is more than twice as strong as the line at ω0. When the phase-conjugate reflectivity exceeds unity, the temporal photon distribution exhibits nonclassical behaviour. Then, antibunching of photons prevails, and the photon statistics are sub-Poissonian.
A method of calculation of multiple-time correlation functions of the resonance fluorescence light from a two-level atom driven by a realistic laser field with phase and amplitude fluctuations is developed. Both kinds of fluctuations are assumed to be Gaussian. The phase fluctuations are treated in the phase-diffusion model. The averaging over the amplitude fluctuations can be performed in a closed way when the relative mean-square amplitude fluctuation is small compared with the ratio of the amplitude correlation decay rate to the characteristic atomic relaxation rate. There is no restriction to Markovian amplitude fluctuations. Arbitrary values for the mean Rabi frequency are allowed. Results are presented for the intensity, the intensity correlation function, and the spectrum of the fluorescent light. It is shown that even in the case when the relative strength of the amplitude fluctuations is small, significant effects can occur due to the finite correlation length of the fluctuations. The results for fast amplitude correlation decay correspond to the situation without amplitude fluctuations. When the correlation time of the amplitude fluctuations becomes comparable with the atomic relaxation times, the Rabi oscillations of the intensity and the intensity correlation function are nearly washed out, and non-Lorentzian line shapes for the side peaks in the spectrum are observed. It is found that the ratio of the heights of the central peak to the side peak increases with increasing correlation time.