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Physical Review Letters

Investigation of the Spectrum of Resonance Fluorescence Induced by a Monochromatic Field

F. Y. Wu, R. E. Grove, Shaoul Ezekiel

Published Nov 24, 1975• 373 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Measurements of the spectrum of resonance fluorescence induced by a monochromatic laser field in an atomic beam of sodium have been made over a wide range of laser intensities for both on- and off-resonance excitation. The spectra are consistent with theoretical calculations first made by Mollow.
DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.35.1426

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The intensity spectrum of the scattered radiation in two-atom resonance fluorescence is investigated and compared with the one-atom spectrum. For intense fields the spectra are found to be proportional to one another. A conjecture is made for the NNN-atom spectrum.
The resonance fluorescence from a three-level atom irradiated by a monochromatic laser is studied. Detailed spectra are calculated by using the Heisenberg source-field approach, and introducing Liouvillian space techniques. It is predicted that in the steady-state limit the fluorescence from an atom having two closely spaced excited states will have an anisotropically polarised seven-line spectrum. Graphs are shown of the predicted spectra in the case of on-resonance excitation and of far off-resonance excitation.
The phenomenon of resonance fluorescence provides an interesting manifestation of the quantum theory of light and is a “real world” application of the material of the Chapters 8 and 9. In this process, a two-level atom is typically driven by a resonant continuous-wave laser field and the spectral and quantum statistical properties of the fluorescent light emitted by the atom are measured. Experimentally this can be achieved by scattering a laser off a collimated atomic beam such that the directions of the laser beam, atomic beam, and detector axis are mutually perpendicular as shown in Fig. 10.1. If the driving field is monochromatic, then at low excitation intensity the atom absorbs a photon at the excitation frequency and reemits it at the same frequency as a consequence of conservation of energy. The spectral width of the fluorescent light is therefore very narrow. The situation, however, is considerably more complicated when the excitation intensity increases and the Rabi frequency associated with the driving field becomes comparable to, or larger than, the atomic linewidth. At such intensity levels, the Rabi oscillations show up as a modulation of the quantum dipole moment and sidebands start emerging in the spectrum of the emitted radiation. This so-called dynamic Stark splitting is an interesting feature of the atom–field interaction. In addition to that, the fluorescent light exhibits certain nonclassical properties including photon antibunching and squeezing. In this chapter, we develop a theory of resonance fluorescence to explain these phenomena.