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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Battle of the sexes game analysis using Yang-Baxter operator as quantum gate

Juan Manuel López R.

Published May 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Battle of the Sexes game is analyzed from quantum game theory using quantum initial states as possible strategies for two players. Quantum circuits are presented as schemes of development proposing also the use of Yang-Baxter operators as quantum gates in the circuits. This formalism is implemented using a Computer Algebra Software (CAS) due to its complex and long mathematical treatment. Payoff matrices of the players are given as the results for each case shown. Biology and finances applications are also proposed.

DOI
10.1117/12.918977

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The Battle of the Sexes game is analyzed from quantum game theory using quantum initial states as possible strategies for two players. Quantum circuits are presented as schemes of development proposing also the use of Yang-Baxter operators as quantum gates in the circuits. This formalism is implemented using a Computer Algebra Software (CAS) due to its complex and long mathematical treatment. Payoff matrices of the players are given as the results for each case shown. Biology and finances applications are also proposed.
Real life situations where there are strategies to be chosen in order to obtain a profit can be reproduced by games, so game theory is a way to describe the evolution of possible scenarios where players can select a scheme of play. Game theory takes importance in many areas, such as people decisions making, where their choices do affect others benefit (Davis, 1970; Myerson, 1991). It is to remark that the principles of game theory were initiated by trying to understand the behavior of economic strategies, however Von Neumann presented the concept of modern game theory in 1944 (Von Neumann & Morgenstern, 1947). Quantum mechanics is a tool that creates another point of view for the traditional game theory due to multiple strategies offered for the players, whom possibilities are numerously expanded in contrast of classical ones (Eisert & Wilkens, 2000). There are also games where the player who uses quantum strategies, enhances his payoffs or even always wins against a player who only uses classical moves (Meyer, 1999). It is to remark that there are plenty of applications for quantum game theory such as quantum cryptography and computation, economics and biology (Piotrowski & Sladkowski, 2003; Hanauske et al.,2009). The Battle of the Sexes game is a largely analyzed problem, based on two players: Alice and Bob and their choice about an activity for a Saturday night with each other. It is pretty important to remark that both want the best possible payoff in the decision, so the game can be developed normally, otherwise it would not be our case. Alice, really loves Opera, but wants to be with Bob; Bob likes Football but he wants to have Alice’s company along the activity. This game has a lot of applications in real life scenarios such as the spread of some type of genes from a reproduction between two organisms (Dawkins, 2006); another interesting application is neuroeconomics (Montague & Berns, 2002), where brain studies have been done in order to incite neurons to choose either to “work” for a reward or to “shirk” (Glimcher, 2003).
We present a general two-player quantum game simulator that can simulate any two-player quantum game described by a 2times2 payoff matrix (two strategy games).The user can determine the payoff matrices for both players, their strategies and the amount of entanglement between their initial strategies. The outputs of the simulator are the expected payoffs of each player as a function of the other player's strategy parameters and the amount of entanglement. The simulator also produces contour plots that divide the strategy spaces of the game in regions in which players can get larger payoffs if they choose to use a quantum strategy against any classical one. We also apply the simulator to two well known quantum games, the Battle of Sexes and the Chicken game.
The main goal of this paper is to apply the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation in topological quantum computation, using the symbolic computational software Maple. Initially, using Maple, I reproduced the Dye classification of the 4x4 unitary solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Then, also using Maple, I reproduced the solutions given by Rebecca Chen to the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation. Finally, the obtained solutions were applied to the problem of topological quantum categorification of the chromatic polynomial for graphs. It was claimed that the Yang-Baxter-Rowell operators, considered as quantum gates, can be incorporated in quantum circuit models and quantum games, such as the Grover algorithm and the game Battle of the Sexes. It is expected that a future investigation can provide a more complete classification of the solution to the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation and its possible applications on topological quantum computation.