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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Applications of the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation to topological quantum computation

Aida Arnedo León

Published May 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to apply the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation in topological quantum computation, using the symbolic computational software Maple. Initially, using Maple, I reproduced the Dye classification of the 4x4 unitary solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Then, also using Maple, I reproduced the solutions given by Rebecca Chen to the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation. Finally, the obtained solutions were applied to the problem of topological quantum categorification of the chromatic polynomial for graphs. It was claimed that the Yang-Baxter-Rowell operators, considered as quantum gates, can be incorporated in quantum circuit models and quantum games, such as the Grover algorithm and the game Battle of the Sexes. It is expected that a future investigation can provide a more complete classification of the solution to the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation and its possible applications on topological quantum computation.

DOI
10.1117/12.918413

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The main goal of this paper is to apply the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation in topological quantum computation, using the symbolic computational software Maple. Initially, using Maple, I reproduced the Dye classification of the 4x4 unitary solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Then, also using Maple, I reproduced the solutions given by Rebecca Chen to the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation. Finally, the obtained solutions were applied to the problem of topological quantum categorification of the chromatic polynomial for graphs. It was claimed that the Yang-Baxter-Rowell operators, considered as quantum gates, can be incorporated in quantum circuit models and quantum games, such as the Grover algorithm and the game Battle of the Sexes. It is expected that a future investigation can provide a more complete classification of the solution to the Yang-Baxter-Rowell equation and its possible applications on topological quantum computation.
One of the current trends in quantum computing is the application of algebraic topological methods in the design of new algorithms and quantum computers, giving rise to topological quantum computing. One of the tools used in it is the Yang-Baxter equation whose solutions are interpreted as universal quantum gates. Lately, more general Yang-Baxter equations have been investigated, making progress as two-spectral equations and Yang-Baxter systems. This paper intends to apply these new findings to the field of topological quantum computation, more specifically, the proposition of the two-spectral Yang-Baxter operators as universal quantum gates for 2 qubits and 2 qutrits systems, obtaining 4x4 and 9x9 matrices respectively, and further elaboration of the corresponding Hamiltonian by the use of computer algebra software Mathematica® and its Qucalc package. In addition, possible physical systems to which the Yang-Baxter operators obtained can be applied are considered. In the present work it is demonstrated the utility of the Yang-Baxter equation to generate universal quantum gates and the power of computer algebra to design them; it is expected that these mathematical studies contribute to the further development of quantum computers
Solutions to the Yang–Baxter equation — an important equation in mathematics and physics — and their afforded braid group representations have applications in fields such as knot theory, statistical mechanics, and, most recently, quantum information science. In particular, unitary representations of the braid group are desired because they generate braiding quantum gates. These are actively studied in the ongoing research into topological quantum computing. A generalized Yang–Baxter equation was proposed a few years ago by Eric Rowell et al. By finding solutions to the generalized Yang–Baxter equation, we obtain new unitary braid group representations. Our representations give rise to braiding quantum gates and thus have the potential to aid in the construction of useful quantum computers.
A unitary operator that satisfies the constant Yang-Baxter equation immediately yields a unitary representation of the braid group B_n for every n >= 2. If we view such an operator as a quantum-computational gate, then topological braiding corresponds to a quantum circuit. A basic question is when such a representation affords universal quantum computation. In this work, we show how to classically simulate these circuits when the gate in question belongs to certain families of solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation. These include all of the qubit (i.e., d = 2) solutions, and some simple families that include solutions for arbitrary d >= 2. Our main tool is a probabilistic classical algorithm for efficient simulation of a more general class of quantum circuits. This algorithm may be of use outside the present setting.
Using Computer Algebra Software (Mathematica and Maple), the recently introduced topic of Yang- Baxterization applied to quantum computing, is explored from the mathematical and computational views. Some algorithms of computer algebra were elaborated with the aim to make the calculations to obtain some of results that were originally presented in the paper by Shang-Kauffman-Ge. Also certain new results about computational Yang-baxterization are presented. We obtain some Hamiltonians for hypothetical physical systems which can be realized within the domain of spin chains and certain diffusion process. We conclude that it is possible to have real physical systems on which implement, via Yang-baxterization, the standard quantum gates with topological protection. Finally some lines for future research are deligned.
The Yang-Baxter equation and it's various forms have applications in many fields, including statistical mechanics, knot theory, and quantum information. Unitary solutions of the braided Yang-Baxter equation are of particular interest as quantum gates for topological quantum computers. We demonstrate a simple construction for solutions in any dimension, which are both unitary and universal for quantum computation. We also fully classify a family of solutions to certain generalized Yang-Baxter equations and prove that certain instances of the equation only have solutions that are scalar multiples of the identity.
Unitary solutions to the Yang-Baxter equation are important to quantum information science because they lead to unitary representations of the braid group, which can be used to design quantum logic gates that make up topological quantum circuits. By finding new unitary solutions to the Generalized Yang-Baxter equation in low dimensions and classifying them, we will be able to find new representations of the braid group which may lead to new designs for quantum logic gates used in quantum computers. Because it is extremely difficult to find solutions to the Generalized Yang-Baxter equation, we will narrow our search to set-theoretical solutions, that is, solutions that are also permutation matrices.