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Physical Review C

Time-dependent scattering theory for identical particles

G. Bencze, C. Chandler

Published Jan 1, 1982• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A time-dependent multichannel nonrelativistic quantum scattering theory is established for systems which contain identical particles. The symmetry properties of the theory are rooted in the abstract algebraic relationships between permutations. The formalism of second quantization is thus avoided. Appropriate wave and scattering operators are defined, including those for systems with long range (e.g., Coulomb) interactions. A correctly symmetrized dynamical equation for the symmetric form of the transition operator is derived and used to develop an optical potential formalism.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Nonrelativistic multichannel scattering theory for identical particles, wave and scattering operators, dynamical equations, optical potentials.

DOI
10.1103/physrevc.25.136

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A time-dependent multichannel nonrelativistic quantum scattering theory is established for systems which contain identical particles. The symmetry properties of the theory are rooted in the abstract algebraic relationships between permutations. The formalism of second quantization is thus avoided. Appropriate wave and scattering operators are defined, including those for systems with long range (e.g., Coulomb) interactions. A correctly symmetrized dynamical equation for the symmetric form of the transition operator is derived and used to develop an optical potential formalism.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Nonrelativistic multichannel scattering theory for identical particles, wave and scattering operators, dynamical equations, optical potentials.
The field theoretical formulation of quantum mechanics is used to consider the nonrelativistic multichannel scat~i~ng theory. With the help of appropriately constructed time dependent creation operators, Hilbert vectors are formed whose limits in time can be defined as multiehanne) scattering states in the usual sense. The existence of these states is proved under certain assumptions for the potential, by showing the convergence of the above mentioned operators. The commutation relations for the limits of these operators are given.
Non-relativistic quantum scattering theory informs our broad understanding of nuclear collision processes. However, detailed theoretical insights into the dynamics of fusion, whereby the colliding nuclei form a compound nucleus, remain elusive with conventional approaches. Fundamentally, understanding the complex dissipative processes inherent to compound nucleus formation and when they occur during the collision remains challenging. This, for example, prevents a consistent description of heavy-ion fusion over a wide range of collision energies and hinders searches for new super-heavy elements. To understand these dynamics, we need time-dependent approaches to nuclear collisions. In this thesis, a non-relativistic, time-dependent wave packet theory for potential scattering of charged quantum particles (such as nuclei) has been developed. It formally extends the application of Tannor and Weeks's (1993) formulation of the scattering matrix theory to systems containing the long-range Coulomb potential, by utilising Dollard's (1964) Møller operators. Using the asymptotic localisation of wave packets, analytical theorems have been formulated that allow convenient numerical application of this method. Numerical tests illustrating the theory mark the first rigorous application of this method in nuclear physics. Further insights are gained through a novel analysis of the wave packet time-correlation function (which underlies the theory) to understand how different dynamical processes, such as the formation of long-lived, quasi-bound states, during scattering contribute to the scattering matrix. This provides guidance on using the time-correlation function to obtain fusion observables, along with the associated challenges. Furthermore, this analysis showed that time-correlation functions can be obtained from static calculations, opening numerous new possibilities for studying the dynamics of nuclear reactions, in general, using this approach. This work opens new avenues for studying the dynamics of compound nucleus formation and other dissipative processes in nuclear reactions.
We consider the nonrelativistic N-body scattering problem for a system of particles in which some subsets of the particles are identical. We demonstrate how the particle identity can be included in a general class of linear integral equations for scattering operators or components of scattering operators. The Yakubovskii, Yakubovskii–Narodestkii, Rosenberg, and Bencze–Redish–Sloan equations are included in this class. Algebraic methods are used which rely on the properties of the symmetry group of the system. Operators depending only on physically distinguishable labels are introduced and linear integral equations for them are derived. This procedure maximally reduces the number of coupled equations while retaining the connectivity properties of the original equations.
Some years ago, conditions in order that unitarily equivalent Hamiltonians H and W*HW yield the same S operator were investigated by Ekstein and by Coester and his collaborators in the framework of nonrelativistic time-dependent single-channel quantum scattering theory. This subject has turned out to be of considerable importance for nuclear physics, since it constitutes the foundation of a widely used method for constructing phase-equivalent nucleon–nucleon potentials. In the present paper we derive a rigorous and concise necessary and sufficient condition for a pair of unitarily equivalent Hamiltonians, governing the dynamics of a pair of nonrelativistic particles in the center-of-mass system, to yield the same S operator. Our theory, based on a time-dependent approach, applies to very general types of short-range potentials, with or without hard cores, and to an extensive class of long-range potentials. Our necessary and sufficient condition simplifies when certain strong limits W±, related to W, are unitary and when W+=W−. Requirements sufficient for each of these properties to hold are determined. Various examples of operators W such that H and W*HW have the same S operator are discussed.