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Journal of Mathematical Physics

N-body quantum scattering theory in two Hilbert spaces. I. The basic equations

Colston Chandler, Archie G. Gibson

Published Dec 1, 1977• 42 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Derivations are given for some transition and resolvent operator equations for multichannel quantum scattering with short-range potentials. The basic difference between these and previous equations is that the unknown operators act only on the channel subspaces. This is made possible by utilizing, and extending, the two-Hilbert-space formulation previously given by the authors [in J. Math. Phys. 14, 1328 (1973)]. The equations in abstract form are of the Lippmann–Schwinger type, differing only in the appearance of certain injection operators from one Hilbert space to the other. When applied to multichannel quantum scattering, the abstract theory yields a new system of equations for the transition and resolvent operators. Uniqueness of the solution to the equations is proved.

DOI
10.1063/1.523243

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Derivations are given for some transition and resolvent operator equations for multichannel quantum scattering with short-range potentials. The basic difference between these and previous equations is that the unknown operators act only on the channel subspaces. This is made possible by utilizing, and extending, the two-Hilbert-space formulation previously given by the authors [in J. Math. Phys. 14, 1328 (1973)]. The equations in abstract form are of the Lippmann–Schwinger type, differing only in the appearance of certain injection operators from one Hilbert space to the other. When applied to multichannel quantum scattering, the abstract theory yields a new system of equations for the transition and resolvent operators. Uniqueness of the solution to the equations is proved.
Within the framework of two-Hilbert space scattering theory the existence of the strong Abel limit of a certain operator is proved, leading to the following results. A generalized Lippmann identity is derived that is valid for all channels, rather than only two-body channels. On shell equivalence of the prior, post and AGS transition operators is rigorously proved, thus closing a gap in previous proofs. Results concerning the existence of the scattering operator as a strong, rather than weak, Abel limit are presented, and their implications with respect to the problem of unitarity are discussed. Finally, the possibility of exploiting operator limits of the Obermann–Wollenberg type is studied, with negative results.
The mathematically and physically rigorous theory given by Jauch for the multichannel scattering systems is extended. Several integral representations of the Moller operators are obtained which are related to three integration methods: Riemann, Cauchy, and Riemann-Stieltjes integrals of operator valued functions. Three types of integral equations for the ingoing and outgoing waves within Hilbert space are derived. Their validity range is studied. Reasonable conditions on the channel interaction hamiltonians are given in order to justify them. The results apply with a wide class of switching factors. The Lippmann- Schwinger equations appear as formal solutions of the RS-integral equations outside Hilbert space. (auth)
The aim of this thesis is to present a reasonable account of some of the applications that functional analysis, or more specifically operator theory, has in the theory of quantum scattering. We begin by introducing the physical scattering experiment as well as establishing the standard framework for discussing quantum theory, that of a Hilbert space. This leads to a discussion of the properties of operators acting in a Hilbert space and the role played by unbounded selfadjoint operators in quantum physics. We also spend some time discussing the position, momentum and energy operators which are of most relevance here. This in turn leads logically to the problem of formulating the scattering problem mathematically using these operators. The stationary equations of scattering theory are also rigorously derived and their suitability for two-body scattering problems is proven. We show that this analysis does not extend to three-body scattering problems, and introduce the Faddeev formulation for three-body systems to supplement the theory. This thesis concludes with a brief overview of how our scattering equations can be modified to take into account effects such as particle spin and identical particles, before discussing an example of a three-body scattering problem (incorporating these features) and deriving a mathematically satisfactory set of equations which are amenable to numerical solution.
Abstract In quantum mechanics textbooks, a single-particle scattering theory is introduced. In the present work, a generalized scattering theory is presented, which can be in principle applied to the scattering problems of arbitrary number of particle. In laboratory frame, a generalized Lippmann-Schwinger scattering equation is derived. We emphasized that the derivation is rigorous, even for treating infinitesimals. No manual operation such as analytical continuation is allowed. In the case that before scattering N particles are plane waves and after the scattering they are new plane waves, the transition amplitude and transition probability are given and the generalized S matrix is presented. It is proved that the transition probability from a set of plane waves to a new set of plane waves of the N particles equal to that of the reciprocal process. The generalized theory is applied to the cases of one- and two-particle scattering as two examples. When applied to single-particle scattering problems, our generalized formalism degrades to that usually seen in the literature. When our generalized theory is applied to two-particle scattering problems, the formula of the transition probability of two-particle collision is given. It is shown that the transition probability of the scattering of two free particles is identical to that of the reciprocal process. This transition probability and the identity are needed in deriving Boltzmann transport equation in statistical mechanics. The case of identical particles is also discussed.