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Journal of Mathematical Physics

Quantum mechanical scattering theory for potentials of the form V(r) = (sin r)/r β , 1/3<β≤1/2

Brian A. Bourgeois

Published May 1, 1982• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A rigorous nonrelativistic time dependent quantum-mechanical scattering theory for a single particle is developed for potentials of the form V(r) = (sin r)/r β , 1/3<β⩽ 1/2 . The positive-energy solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation are used to construct modified wave operators which converge as t→±∞ on a dense set of states to the familiar time-independent formulas for the wave operators.

DOI
10.1063/1.525418

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A rigorous nonrelativistic time dependent quantum-mechanical scattering theory for a single particle is developed for potentials of the form V(r) = (sin r)/r β , 1/3<β⩽ 1/2 . The positive-energy solutions of the radial Schrödinger equation are used to construct modified wave operators which converge as t→±∞ on a dense set of states to the familiar time-independent formulas for the wave operators.
For a single nonrelativistic particle moving in a spherically symmetric potential, the existence of the Hilbert space wave operators and S operator is proved and phase shift formulas for these operators are deduced. The probability, P(Ω), for scattering into the solid angle Ω is obtained from the time dependent theory. The relation between P(Ω) and the R matrix of the standard plane wave formulation of scattering theory is established. For collimated incoming packets, it is shown that P(Ω) can be expressed as an energy average of the differential cross section.
A time-dependent multichannel nonrelativistic quantum scattering theory is established for systems which contain identical particles. The symmetry properties of the theory are rooted in the abstract algebraic relationships between permutations. The formalism of second quantization is thus avoided. Appropriate wave and scattering operators are defined, including those for systems with long range (e.g., Coulomb) interactions. A correctly symmetrized dynamical equation for the symmetric form of the transition operator is derived and used to develop an optical potential formalism.NUCLEAR REACTIONS Nonrelativistic multichannel scattering theory for identical particles, wave and scattering operators, dynamical equations, optical potentials.
In nonrelativistic quantum mechanics, we require that the free and interacting Hamiltonians be related by a unitary transformation, as has been done by other authors. We then derive a stationary perturbation theory for the radial Schrödinger equation for scattering from a spherically symmetric potential. A resulting advantage over the more commonly used Green function method is that the expression for the interacting state vector is normalized to each order in the coupling constant, unlike, in general, the result of the Green function method. Other authors have applied the unitary transformation concept to time-dependent perturbation theory to give unitarity of the time evolution operator to each order in perturbation theory, with results that show improvement over the standard perturbation theory. In this paper, general formulas are obtained for the phase shifts at the first and second order in the coupling constant. We test the method on a simple system with a known exact solution and find complete agreement between our first- and second-order contributions to the s-wave phase shifts and the corresponding expansion to the second order of the exact solution.
It is shown that if the wave function of a nonrelativistic particle satisfies the Schr\"odinger equation with a velocity-independent potential, then its scattering amplitudes (and the SSS matrix in general) satisfy the same dispersion formulas as those derived for the scattering of light. In the present derivation, the validity of a perturbation expansion and certain integrability of the potential are assumed, and the requirement of the outgoing wave Green's function replaces the condition of strict causality for the scattering of light. The scattering amplitude for fixed momentum transfer is also shown to satisfy the dispersion relations. Together with the unitarity of the SSS matrix, the complete SSS matrix is determined by the Fourier transform of the potential through an iterative procedure using the dispersion relations. If the potential possesses bound states, then all the dispersion formulas are modified to include residue terms corresponding to singularities on the positive imaginary axis of the momentum plane. The necessity of these modifications is related to the divergence of the perturbation series for small wave numbers. Essential singularities of the SSS matrix due to exponentially damped potentials give no additional contribution to the dispersion formulas.