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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Velocity control of an Yb beam by a frequency-doubled mode-locked laser

Makoto Watanabe, R. Ohmukai, U. Tanaka, K. Hayasaka, Hidetsuka Imajo, S. Urabe

Published Nov 1, 1996• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An ytterbium atomic beam has been decelerated with the use of a multimode light beam based on a frequency-doubled mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. Compression of the atomic velocity distribution was achieved by the addition of a copropagating single-mode light beam. The contribution of each isotope to the observed compressed peaks of the velocity distribution is explained.

DOI
10.1364/josab.13.002377

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Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1992•1 citation
An ytterbium atomic beam has been decelerated with the use of a multimode light beam based on a frequency-doubled mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. Compression of the atomic velocity distribution was achieved by the addition of a copropagating single-mode light beam. The contribution of each isotope to the observed compressed peaks of the velocity distribution is explained.
The laser cooling of ytterbium (Yb) atoms needs a 399-nm laser which operates on the strong 1 S0 -1 P1 transition and can be locked at the desired frequencies for different Yb isotopes.We demonstrate a frequency locking method using the fluorescence spectrum of an Yb atomic beam as a frequency reference.For unresolved fluorescence peaks, we make the spectrum of the even isotopes vanish by using the strong angular-dependence of the fluorescence radiations; the remained closely-spaced peaks are thus clearly resolved and able to serve as accurate frequency references.A computer-controlled servo system is used to lock the laser frequency to a single fluorescence peak of interest, and a frequency stability of 304 kHz is achieved.This frequency-locked laser enables us to realize stable blue magneto-optic-traps (MOT) for all abundant Yb isotopes.
The velocity of a cesium atomic beam was controlled using two broadband frequency-modulated, external-cavity diode lasers. One laser beam was used to decelerate faster atoms and the other was used to accelerate slower atoms. The central velocity of the atoms was readily tuned in a wide range while maintaining the width and peak height of a velocity distribution. In addition, the velocity distribution of cesium atoms was calculated on the basis of the scattering force caused by two frequency-modulated laser beams. The calculated peak ratio was in good agreement with the experimental result.
A simple control method for the velocity distribution of cesium atoms is demonstrated using a frequency modulated diode laser with a wider spectrum. Current to the diode laser was modulated and the laser spectrum was broadened to overlap the Doppler broadening of the atomic beam. The reduction of the atom velocity was achieved on the basis of the laser cooling technique and a single narrow peak at approximately 45 m/s was observed. From a view point of a novel purification process, the possibility to deflect this cooled cesium atomic beam was discussed to spatially separate the beam from impurities.
To compensate the Doppler shift in the laser cooling process, two methods were developed:frequency chirping,1 which tunes the laser frequency rapidly, and a spatially varying magnetic field,2 which tunes The atomic energy level. An alternative approach is to use laser light with a continuous spectrum (white light).3,4 Using only a counterpropagating white-light beam will decelerate the atoms in the beam, hut it will not yield a large velocity compression.4,5 To achieve significant cooling, Hoffnagle5 proposed the use of an additional single-frequency laser beam, copropagating with the atomic beam, to counterbalance the nonresonant scattering force from the Lorentzian tail of the atomic transition.
We analyze the time evolution of the velocity distribution of a collection of atoms decelerated by two laser beams propagating in the direction opposite to that of the atomic beam. The laser frequencies are chirped and the velocity distribution is analyzed in the appropriate moving frame. Starting from a Maxwellian configuration, the distribution evolves toward a two-peaked configuration, in which it remains for all observable times. The same phenomenon arises when the atoms are decelerated by a single laser beam which interacts simultaneously with two nearly degenerate atomic transitions.